Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 2F, Block 20, No.74, Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Eur J Nutr. 2021 Dec;60(8):4357-4366. doi: 10.1007/s00394-021-02561-9. Epub 2021 May 27.
This study was to evaluate the associations of dietary intake of total and specific phytosterols and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and to explore their joint effects with PLCE1 rs2274223 polymorphisms.
A population-based case-control study was conducted in a Chinese rural population and 856 eligible incident ESCC cases and 856 controls were included. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to collect dietary consumption and PLCE1 rs2274223 polymorphisms were genotyped. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were assessed via logistic regression model.
When comparing the highest with lowest intake quartiles, β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitostanol, campestanol, and total phytosterols were all associated with a decreased risk of ESCC, with adjusted ORs being 0.32 (95% CI 0.20-0.48), 0.18 (95% CI 0.11-0.27), 0.45 (95% CI 0.29-0.70), 0.13 (95% CI 0.08-0.20), 0.14 (95% CI 0.09-0.22) and 0.28 (95% CI 0.18-0.43), respectively. An exposure-response relationship was also observed for both total and five specific phytosterols (all P for trend < 0.001). In comparison to rs2274223 AA genotype, both GA genotype (OR: 1.47, 95% CI 1.16-1.85) and GG genotype (OR: 2.13, 95% CI 1.20-3.84) were associated with an increased risk of ESCC. However, no interaction was observed between total/specific phytosterols intake and rs2274223 polymorphisms.
Higher dietary intake of total and five specific phytosterols was associated with a lower risk of ESCC, and the risk of ESCC increased with the increment of rs2274223 G allele. The negative association between phytosterols and ESCC risk was not modified by rs2274223 polymorphisms. Foods or supplements rich in phytosterols are a promising source for chemoprevention of ESCC, and still, clinical trials will be required in any specific case.
本研究旨在评估总植物甾醇和特定植物甾醇的饮食摄入与食管鳞状细胞癌（ESCC）风险的关联，并探讨它们与 PLCE1 rs2274223 多态性的联合作用。
在中国农村人群中进行了一项基于人群的病例对照研究，纳入了 856 例符合条件的新发 ESCC 病例和 856 例对照。使用经过验证的食物频率问卷收集饮食摄入情况，并对 PLCE1 rs2274223 多态性进行基因分型。通过 logistic 回归模型评估未经调整和调整后的比值比（OR）及其 95%置信区间（CI）。
当比较最高和最低摄入量四分位数时，β-谷甾醇、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、β-谷甾烷醇、菜油甾烷醇和总植物甾醇均与 ESCC 风险降低相关，调整后的 OR 分别为 0.32（95%CI 0.20-0.48）、0.18（95%CI 0.11-0.27）、0.45（95%CI 0.29-0.70）、0.13（95%CI 0.08-0.20）、0.14（95%CI 0.09-0.22）和 0.28（95%CI 0.18-0.43）。总植物甾醇和五种特定植物甾醇均观察到暴露-反应关系（所有 P 趋势值均<0.001）。与 rs2274223 AA 基因型相比，GA 基因型（OR：1.47，95%CI 1.16-1.85）和 GG 基因型（OR：2.13，95%CI 1.20-3.84）均与 ESCC 风险增加相关。然而，总植物甾醇和五种特定植物甾醇的摄入量与 rs2274223 多态性之间未观察到交互作用。
较高的总植物甾醇和五种特定植物甾醇的饮食摄入与 ESCC 风险降低相关，而 rs2274223 G 等位基因的增加与 ESCC 风险增加相关。植物甾醇与 ESCC 风险之间的负相关不受 rs2274223 多态性的影响。富含植物甾醇的食物或补充剂是 ESCC 化学预防的有希望的来源，但在任何特定情况下仍需要进行临床试验。
