生存分析：何处、为何、何为与如何？
Survival Analysis: Where, Why, What and How?
机构信息
Max Healthcare, Delhi. Correspondence to: Dr A Indrayan, A-037 Telecom City, B-9/6 Sector 62, NOIDA 201 309, Uttar Pradesh.
Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, Delhi.
出版信息
Indian Pediatr. 2022 Jan 15;59(1):74-79. doi: 10.1007/s13312-022-2425-5. Epub 2021 May 28.
Durations of any event, such as duration of hospitalization, is usually found to have a highly skewed distribution and incomplete values due to dropouts and limited follow-up. The usual methods of statistical analysis are, therefore, not applicable. The method of survival analysis is a nonparametric method and is designed to overcome these problems. Survival is a generic term and is used for any time-to-event data. The entire survival pattern at different points in time is studied by the Kaplan-Meier method under certain conditions. Log-rank method is used to compare survival pattern in two or more groups. Hazard is the rate of occurrence of an event per unit of time and studied by Cox method. The concept of survival and all these methods of survival analysis are briefly discussed in this short note in a non-mathematical format for medical audience.
由于辍学和随访有限，任何事件的持续时间（例如住院时间）通常都发现具有高度偏态分布和不完整的值。因此，通常的统计分析方法并不适用。生存分析方法是非参数方法，旨在克服这些问题。生存是一个通用术语，用于任何事件时间数据。在某些条件下，Kaplan-Meier 方法研究了不同时间点的整个生存模式。对数秩检验用于比较两个或多个组的生存模式。风险是单位时间内事件发生的比率，并用 Cox 方法进行研究。本短文简要讨论了生存和所有这些生存分析方法的概念，采用非数学格式呈现，以便医学受众理解。
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