Grupe Arthur C, Jusino Michelle A, Mujic Alija B, Spakes-Richter Brantlee, Bonito Gregory, Brenneman Tim, Smith Matthew E
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Department of Biology, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2021 May 13;12:661515. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.661515. eCollection 2021.
Truffle fungi are esteemed for their aromatic qualities and are among the most widely cultivated edible ectomycorrhizal fungi. Here we document a successful method for establishing , the pecan truffle, on pecan () seedlings in a field setting. We assessed the impacts of soil fumigation and varying concentrations of truffle spore inoculum on the ectomycorrhizal fungal and the complete fungal communities as well as the colonization of on pecan roots at three nurseries in Georgia, United States. To identify fungal communities on pecan seedlings, we performed high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the fungal ITS1 rDNA region. Our 5-year long field experiment demonstrates that fumigation and inoculation together resulted in the highest persistence of on pecan roots. While fungal OTU numbers fluctuated over the years of our experiments, there was no statistical support to demonstrate diversification of communities when Shannon diversity metrics were used. However, we did find that older seedlings were less likely to be dominated by compared to younger ones, suggesting successional changes in the fungal community over time. This suggests that transplanting inoculated seedlings after 2 or 3 years post-inoculation is optimal for future truffle propagation efforts. Our results demonstrate that can be established with methods that are compatible with current pecan nursery industry practices and that fungal communities on pecan seedlings vary depending on the experimental treatments used during planting. While the pecan truffle is not yet widely cultivated, our results provide insights for future large-scale cultivation of this and perhaps other species.
松露因其香气而备受推崇，是种植最为广泛的可食用外生菌根真菌之一。在此，我们记录了一种在田间环境下，于山核桃（）幼苗上成功培育山核桃松露的方法。我们评估了土壤熏蒸处理以及不同浓度的松露孢子接种物，对美国佐治亚州三个苗圃中，外生菌根真菌和完整真菌群落的影响，以及对山核桃根部的定殖情况。为了鉴定山核桃幼苗上的真菌群落，我们对真菌ITS1 rDNA区域进行了高通量扩增子测序。我们长达5年的田间试验表明，熏蒸处理和接种相结合，能使山核桃松露在根部保持最高的定殖率。在我们实验的几年间，真菌操作分类单元（OTU）数量有所波动，但当使用香农多样性指标时，没有统计学依据证明群落发生了多样化。然而，我们确实发现，与较年轻的幼苗相比，较老的幼苗被山核桃松露占据主导的可能性较小，这表明真菌群落会随时间发生演替变化。这表明，接种后2至3年移栽接种的幼苗，对于未来松露繁殖工作而言是最佳选择。我们的结果表明，可以采用与当前山核桃苗圃行业实践相兼容的方法来培育山核桃松露，并且山核桃幼苗上的真菌群落会因种植期间所采用的实验处理方式而有所不同。虽然山核桃松露尚未得到广泛种植，但我们的结果为该物种以及其他可能的物种未来的大规模种植提供了见解。
