Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
Front Immunol. 2021 May 12;12:676232. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.676232. eCollection 2021.
The intestinal microbiota is thought to be an important biological barrier against enteric pathogens. Its depletion, however, also has curative effects against some viral infections, suggesting that different components of the intestinal microbiota can play both promoting and inhibitory roles depending on the type of viral infection. The two primary mechanisms by which the microbiota facilitates or inhibits viral invasion involve participation in the innate and adaptive immune responses and direct or indirect interaction with the virus, during which the abundance and composition of the intestinal microbiota might be changed by the virus. Oral administration of probiotics, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and antibiotics are major therapeutic strategies for regulating intestinal microbiota balance. However, these three methods have shown limited curative effects in clinical trials. Therefore, the intestinal microbiota might represent a new and promising supplementary antiviral therapeutic target, and more efficient and safer methods for regulating the microbiota require deeper investigation. This review summarizes the latest research on the relationship among the intestinal microbiota, anti-viral immunity and viruses and the most commonly used methods for regulating the intestinal microbiota with the goal of providing new insight into the antiviral effects of the gut microbiota.
肠道微生物群被认为是对抗肠道病原体的重要生物屏障。然而，它的耗竭也对一些病毒感染有治疗效果，这表明肠道微生物群的不同成分可以根据病毒感染的类型发挥促进和抑制作用。微生物群促进或抑制病毒入侵的两种主要机制涉及参与先天和适应性免疫反应以及与病毒的直接或间接相互作用，在此期间，病毒可能会改变肠道微生物群的丰度和组成。益生菌的口服给药、粪便微生物群移植（FMT）和抗生素是调节肠道微生物群平衡的主要治疗策略。然而，这三种方法在临床试验中显示出有限的疗效。因此，肠道微生物群可能代表一个新的、有前途的辅助抗病毒治疗靶点，需要更深入地研究更有效和更安全的调节微生物群的方法。本综述总结了肠道微生物群、抗病毒免疫和病毒之间关系的最新研究，以及最常用于调节肠道微生物群的方法，以期为肠道微生物群的抗病毒作用提供新的见解。
