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基于文本的验证码中视觉特征的作用：一项关于可用安全性的功能近红外光谱研究。

The Role of Visual Features in Text-Based CAPTCHAs: An fNIRS Study for Usable Security.

作者信息

Mülazimoğlu Emre, Çakır Murat P, Acartürk Cengiz

机构信息

Cyber Security Department, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.

Department of Cognitive Science, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.

出版信息

Comput Intell Neurosci. 2021 May 4;2021:8842420. doi: 10.1155/2021/8842420. eCollection 2021.

DOI:10.1155/2021/8842420
PMID:34054941
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8112922/
Abstract

To mitigate dictionary attacks or similar undesirable automated attacks to information systems, developers mostly prefer using CAPTCHA challenges as Human Interactive Proofs (HIPs) to distinguish between human users and scripts. Appropriate use of CAPTCHA requires a setup that balances between robustness and usability during the design of a challenge. The previous research reveals that most usability studies have used accuracy and response time as measurement criteria for quantitative analysis. The present study aims at applying optical neuroimaging techniques for the analysis of CAPTCHA design. The functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy technique was used to explore the hemodynamic responses in the prefrontal cortex elicited by CAPTCHA stimulus of varying types. The findings suggest that regions in the left and right dorsolateral and right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex respond to the degrees of line occlusion, rotation, and wave distortions present in a CAPTCHA. The systematic addition of the visual effects introduced nonlinear effects on the behavioral and prefrontal oxygenation measures, indicative of the emergence of Gestalt effects that might have influenced the perception of the overall CAPTCHA figure.

摘要

为了减轻针对信息系统的字典攻击或类似不良自动化攻击，开发人员大多倾向于使用验证码挑战作为人机交互证明（HIP），以区分人类用户和脚本。正确使用验证码需要在设计挑战时在鲁棒性和可用性之间取得平衡。先前的研究表明，大多数可用性研究使用准确性和响应时间作为定量分析的衡量标准。本研究旨在应用光学神经成像技术分析验证码设计。功能性近红外光谱技术被用于探索不同类型的验证码刺激在前额叶皮层引起的血液动力学反应。研究结果表明，左右背外侧和右背内侧前额叶皮层的区域对验证码中出现的线条遮挡、旋转和波浪扭曲程度有反应。视觉效果的系统添加对行为和前额叶氧合测量产生了非线性影响，这表明可能影响了对整个验证码图形感知的格式塔效应的出现。

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