Raghavan Somasundaram, Gayathri R, Kancharla Sudhakar, Kolli Prachetha, Ranjitha J, Shankar Vijayalakshmi
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.
CO2 Research and Green Technologies Centre, VIT University, Vellore, India.
Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021 May 13;8:670659. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.670659. eCollection 2021.
The SARS-CoV-2 virus has taken more than 2 million lives on a global scale. Over 10 million people were confirmed with COVID-19 infection. The well-known spot of primary infection includes the lungs and the respiratory system. Recently it has been reported that the cardiovascular system and coagulation mechanisms were the second major targets of biological system affected due to the viral replication. The replication mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 involves the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2- (ACE2) surface receptors of endothelial cells belonging to various organs which act as the binding site for the viral spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2. The COVID-19 virus has been recently listed as a primary risk factor for the following cardiovascular conditions such as pericarditis, myocarditis, arrhythmias, myocardial injury, cardiac arrest, heart failure and coagulation abnormalities in the patients confirmed with COVID-19 viral infection. Direct and indirect type of tissue damage were the two major categories detected with cardiovascular abnormalities. Direct myocardial cell injury and indirect damage to the myocardial cell due to inflammation were clinically reported. Few drugs were clinically administered to regulate the vital biological mechanism along with symptomatic treatment and supportive therapy.
新型冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）在全球范围内已导致200多万人死亡。超过1000万人被确诊感染新冠病毒。众所周知，主要感染部位包括肺部和呼吸系统。最近有报道称，心血管系统和凝血机制是受病毒复制影响的生物系统的第二大主要靶点。SARS-CoV-2的复制机制涉及各器官内皮细胞的血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE2）表面受体，这些受体充当SARS-CoV-2病毒刺突（S）蛋白的结合位点。新冠病毒最近已被列为以下心血管疾病的主要危险因素，如心包炎、心肌炎、心律失常、心肌损伤、心脏骤停、心力衰竭以及新冠病毒感染确诊患者的凝血异常。组织损伤的直接和间接类型是检测到的心血管异常的两大类别。临床上报告了直接心肌细胞损伤和炎症导致的心肌细胞间接损伤。除了对症治疗和支持治疗外，临床上很少使用药物来调节重要的生物机制。
