Hupka R B, Eshett C
Department of Psychology, California State University, Long Beach 90840.
Percept Mot Skills. 1988 Jun;66(3):935-49. doi: 10.2466/pms.1988.66.3.935.
The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether the cognitive organization of labels of emotion differs from descriptions of affective states. This was done in the context of determining whether the attributions of labels of emotion and descriptions of affective responses in jealousy situations differed according to the status of the interloper, presence of an audience to the untoward behavior, and sex of the respondent. The subjects, 300 male and female junior college students, read vignettes which placed them at a party where their mates passionately kissed interlopers of varying status, and whose transgressions were, or were not, observed by others. The subjects were required to indicate the likelihood that they would experience anger, disgust, fear, jealousy, sadness, and surprise, and 49 cognitive and physiological descriptions of the affective states referred to by the aforementioned labels of emotion. Different findings were obtained with the labels and descriptors of affective states. This was interpreted as support for the systems theory of G.E. Schwartz. The descriptions, but not the labels, indicated that men were most upset when the interloper was a best friend and least concerned when he was a stranger. In contrast, women were most upset when the interloper was someone of equal or lower status than themselves and least upset when the interloper was their best friend.
本研究的目的是确定情感标签的认知组织是否与情感状态的描述不同。这是在确定嫉妒情境中情感标签的归因和情感反应的描述是否因闯入者的身份、不当行为的旁观者的在场情况以及受访者的性别而有所不同的背景下进行的。300名男女大专学生作为受试者，阅读了一些短文，这些短文将他们置于一个聚会上，在聚会上他们的伴侣热情地亲吻了不同身份的闯入者，而这些不当行为有的被他人看到了，有的则没有。受试者被要求指出他们体验到愤怒、厌恶、恐惧、嫉妒、悲伤和惊讶的可能性，以及上述情感标签所指情感状态的49种认知和生理描述。情感状态的标签和描述词得出了不同的结果。这被解释为对G.E.施瓦茨系统理论的支持。描述词而非标签表明，当闯入者是最好的朋友时，男性最为心烦意乱，而当闯入者是陌生人时，男性最不担心。相比之下，当闯入者的身份与自己相当或低于自己时，女性最为心烦意乱，而当闯入者是她们最好的朋友时，女性最不心烦意乱。
