Borrani Fabio, Solsona Robert, Candau Robin, Méline Thibaut, Sanchez Anthony Mj
Institute of Sport Sciences of University of Lausanne (ISSUL), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
University of Perpignan via Domitia (UPVD), Faculty of Sports Sciences, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Santé Environnement De Montagne (LIPSEM), Font-Romeu, France.
J Sports Sci. 2021 Oct;39(20):2378-2385. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1933351. Epub 2021 May 31.
Mathematical models are used to describe and predict the effects of training on performance. The initial models are structured by impulse-type transfer functions, however, cellular adaptations induced by exercise may exhibit exponential kinetics for their growth and subsequent dissipation. Accumulation of exercise bouts counteracts dissipation and progressively induces structural and functional changes leading to performance improvement. This study examined the suitability of a model with exponential terms (Exp-Model) in elite short-track speed (ST) skaters. Training loads and performance evolution from fifteen athletes (10 males, 5 females) were previously collected over a 3-month training period. Here, we computed the relationship between training loads and performance with Exp-Model and compared with previous results obtained with a variable dose-response model (Imp-Model). Exp-Model showed a higher correlation between actual and modelled performances (R = 0.83 ± 0.08 and 0.76 ± 0.07 for Exp-Model and Imp-Model, respectively). Concerning model parameters, a higher (time constant for growth) value was found (p = 0.0047; = 1.4; 95% CI [0.4;1.9]) in males compared to females with Exp-model, suggesting that females have a faster adaptative response to training loads. Thus, according to this study, Exp-model may better describe training adaptations in elite ST athletes than Imp-Model.
数学模型用于描述和预测训练对运动表现的影响。最初的模型由脉冲型传递函数构建，然而，运动诱导的细胞适应性在其生长及随后的消退过程中可能呈现指数动力学特征。运动回合的积累可抵消消退，并逐步诱导结构和功能变化，从而导致运动表现提高。本研究检验了一个带有指数项的模型（指数模型）对优秀短道速滑（ST）运动员的适用性。先前收集了15名运动员（10名男性，5名女性）在3个月训练期内的训练负荷和运动表现变化情况。在此，我们用指数模型计算了训练负荷与运动表现之间的关系，并与先前用可变剂量反应模型（脉冲模型）得到的结果进行比较。指数模型显示实际表现与模型表现之间的相关性更高（指数模型和脉冲模型的R分别为0.83±0.08和0.76±0.07）。关于模型参数，与女性相比，男性在指数模型中具有更高的τ（生长时间常数）值（p = 0.0047；τ = 1.4；95%CI[0.4；1.9]），这表明女性对训练负荷的适应性反应更快。因此，根据本研究，指数模型可能比脉冲模型能更好地描述优秀短道速滑运动员的训练适应性。
