Cells, Organisms and Molecular Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA.
Anim Genet. 2021 Aug;52(4):385-394. doi: 10.1111/age.13091. Epub 2021 May 31.
Chicken is the most numerous among the domesticated livestock species. Across cultures, religions, and societies, chicken is widely accepted with little or no taboo compared to other domestic animals. Its adaptability to diverse environmental conditions and demonstrated potential for breeding improvement provide a unique genetic resource for addressing the challenges of food security in a world impacted by climatic change and human population growth. Recent studies, shedding new knowledge on the chicken genomes, have helped reconstruct its past evolutionary history. Here, we review the literature concerning the origin, dispersion, and adaptation of domestic chicken. We highlight the role of human and natural selection in shaping the diversity of the species and provide a few examples of knowledge gaps that may be the focus of future research.
鸡是家养牲畜中数量最多的一种。与其他家畜相比，鸡在不同的文化、宗教和社会中都被广泛接受，几乎没有什么禁忌。它适应不同的环境条件的能力以及在繁殖改良方面表现出的潜力，为应对气候变化和人口增长对世界粮食安全的挑战提供了独特的遗传资源。最近的研究揭示了有关鸡基因组的新知识，有助于重建其过去的进化历史。在这里，我们回顾了有关家鸡起源、传播和适应的文献。我们强调了人类和自然选择在塑造物种多样性方面的作用，并提供了一些可能成为未来研究重点的知识空白的例子。
