Niman Susanti, Dewa Deo Kumala, Indriarini Maria Yunita
Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok; Department of Mental Health, Bachelor Nursing Programme, STIKes Santo Borromeus, Padalarang, West Java.
Department of Mental Health, Bachelor Nursing Programme, STIKes Santo Borromeus, Padalarang, West Java.
J Public Health Res. 2021 May 31;10(s1):jphr.2021.2408. doi: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2408.
Anxiety constitutes one of the most prevalent childhood mental health problems. It affects social functions, academic functions and increases the risk of mental health problems at the next stage of development among elementary school children. Besides, psychopathologic disorders in teenagers appear in form of emotional symptoms. Early anxiety screening is important for elementary students as anxiety disorders incur huge financial treatment costs, meanwhile, related data are needed to provide early and adequate interventions. This study is expected to be the basis for developing mental health programs at the elementary school level. Furthermore, aims to identify types of anxiety disorders among grade 4 and 5 students at the elementary level.
The study was conducted using a quantitative method with a descriptive design. Meanwhile, the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) model consisting of 41 questions was used, while the instrument's Reliability and Validity was 0.81 and 0.67 respectively. A total of 135 students from the private elementary schools participated in this study.
Among the 135 elementary students aged 10 to 11, 48.9% were males while 51.1% were females, 79.3% had anxiety consisting of generalized anxiety 40%, panic disorder 48.1%, separation anxiety 40%, social anxiety 65.9%, while 28.9% experienced school avoidance.
Based on the results, health workers, teachers and parents need to work together to manage anxiety in elementary students. In addition, nurses as health workers at community primary health need to work together with counselling and guidance teachers to provide preventive and promotive interventions through the school's mental health services.
焦虑是儿童期最普遍的心理健康问题之一。它会影响社交功能、学业功能，并增加小学生下一阶段发展中出现心理健康问题的风险。此外，青少年的心理病理障碍以情绪症状的形式出现。早期焦虑筛查对小学生很重要，因为焦虑症会产生巨大的治疗费用，同时，需要相关数据来提供早期和充分的干预措施。本研究有望成为制定小学心理健康项目的基础。此外，旨在确定小学四、五年级学生中焦虑症的类型。
本研究采用定量研究方法，采用描述性设计。同时，使用了由41个问题组成的儿童焦虑相关障碍筛查量表（SCARED），该量表的信度和效度分别为0.81和0.67。共有135名私立小学的学生参与了本研究。
在135名年龄在10至11岁的小学生中，48.9%为男性，51.1%为女性，79.3%有焦虑症状，其中广泛性焦虑症占40%，惊恐障碍占48.1%，分离焦虑症占40%，社交焦虑症占65.9%，而28.9%的学生有逃学现象。
根据研究结果，卫生工作者、教师和家长需要共同努力管理小学生的焦虑情绪。此外，作为社区初级卫生保健工作者的护士需要与咨询和指导教师合作，通过学校的心理健康服务提供预防和促进性干预措施。
