Barnhart Brad, Flinders Camille, Ragsdale Renee, Johnson Giffe, Wiegand Paul
National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Anacortes, Washington, USA.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2021 Sep;40(9):2394-2405. doi: 10.1002/etc.5130. Epub 2021 Jul 7.
Methods used to derive water quality regulations for persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic substances (PBTs) in the United States have evolved substantially over the past 50 yr, leveraging current understandings and assumptions about the nature and magnitude of partitioning and accumulation of substances in water, sediments, and organisms. In the United States and across the world, environmental regulations continue to evolve into more refined water quality criteria protective of aquatic life and human health. The present review provides historical context on the establishment of aquatic life and human health water quality criteria in the United States by compiling information from regulatory agencies and peer-reviewed literature on methods used to characterize and quantify bioaccumulation of substances in aquatic organisms and humans. Primary data needs and assumptions for various methods, as well as their application in setting criteria by the US Environmental Protection Agency over the past half century, are highlighted. Our review offers an important retrospective on the data and methods used to derive water quality criteria for PBTs and provides commentary on the future of US criteria development. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2394-2405. © 2021 SETAC.
在美国，用于制定持久性、生物累积性和毒性物质（PBTs）水质法规的方法在过去50年里有了显著发展，这些方法利用了当前对物质在水、沉积物和生物体中的分配与累积性质及程度的理解和假设。在美国乃至全世界，环境法规不断发展，形成了更精细的保护水生生物和人类健康的水质标准。本综述通过汇编监管机构的信息以及同行评审文献中关于用于表征和量化物质在水生生物和人类体内生物累积的方法，提供了美国制定水生生物和人类健康水质标准的历史背景。文中强调了各种方法的主要数据需求和假设，以及它们在过去半个世纪里被美国环境保护局用于制定标准的情况。我们的综述对用于推导PBTs水质标准的数据和方法进行了重要回顾，并对美国标准制定的未来进行了评论。《环境毒理学与化学》2021年；40:2394 - 2405。© 2021 SETAC。
