Recombination in a sterile polyploid hybrid yeast upon meiotic Return-To-Growth.

The sustainable future of food industry and consumer demands meet the need to generate out-performing new yeast variants. This is addressed by using the natural yeast diversity and breeding via sexual reproduction but the recovery of recombined spores in many industrial strains is limited. To circumvent this drawback, we examined whether or not the process of meiotic Return to Growth (RTG) that allows S. cerevisiae diploid cells to initiate meiotic recombination genome-wide and then re-enter into mitosis, will be effective to generate recombinants in a sterile and polyploid baking yeast strain (CNCM). We proceeded in four steps. First, whole genome sequencing of the CNCM strain revealed that it was an unbalanced polymorphic triploid. Second, we annotated a panel of genes likely involved in the success of the RTG process. Third, we examined the strain progression into sporulation and fourth, we developed an elutriation and reiterative RTG protocol that allowed to generate extensive libraries of recombinant RTGs, enriched up to 70 %. Altogether, the genome analysis of 122 RTG cells demonstrated that they were bona fide RTG recombinants since the vast majority retained the parental ploidy and exhibited allelic variations involving 1-60 recombined regions per cell with a length of ∼0.4-400 kb. Thus, beyond diploid laboratory strains, we demonstrated the proficiency of this natural non-GM and marker-free process to recombine a sterile and polyploid hybrid yeast, thus providing an unprecedented resource to screen improved traits.