Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Nutrients. 2021 May 1;13(5):1533. doi: 10.3390/nu13051533.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Although the precise etiology of IBD is largely unknown, it is widely thought that diet contributes to the development of IBD. Diet shapes the composition of the gut microbiota, which plays critical roles in intestinal homeostasis. In contrast, intestinal inflammation induces gut dysbiosis and may affect the use of dietary nutrients by host cells and the gut microbiota. The interaction of diet and the gut microbiota is perturbed in patients with IBD. Herein, we review the current knowledge of diet and gut microbiota interaction in intestinal homeostasis. We also discuss alterations of diet and gut microbiota interaction that influence the outcome and the nutritional treatment of IBD. Understanding the complex relationships between diet and the gut microbiota provides crucial insight into the pathogenesis of IBD and advances the development of new therapeutic approaches.
炎症性肠病（IBD）是一种胃肠道的慢性炎症性疾病。虽然 IBD 的确切病因在很大程度上尚不清楚，但人们普遍认为饮食有助于 IBD 的发展。饮食会影响肠道微生物组的组成，而肠道微生物组在肠道稳态中起着关键作用。相反，肠道炎症会引起肠道菌群失调，并可能影响宿主细胞和肠道微生物组对膳食营养素的利用。IBD 患者的饮食和肠道微生物组之间的相互作用被打乱。在此，我们综述了目前关于饮食和肠道微生物组在肠道稳态中的相互作用的知识。我们还讨论了影响 IBD 结局和营养治疗的饮食和肠道微生物组相互作用的改变。了解饮食和肠道微生物组之间的复杂关系为 IBD 的发病机制提供了重要的见解，并推进了新的治疗方法的发展。
