Kato Takuya, Wakiyama Hiroaki, Furusawa Aki, Choyke Peter L, Kobayashi Hisataka
Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 May 21;13(11):2535. doi: 10.3390/cancers13112535.
Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a newly developed cancer treatment that uses an antibody-photoabsorber (IRDye700DX) conjugate (APC) that is activated by NIR light irradiation. In September 2020, the first APC and laser system were conditionally approved for clinical use in Japan. A major benefit of NIR-PIT is that only APC-bound cancer cells that are exposed to NIR light are killed by NIR-PIT; thus, minimal damage occurs in adjacent normal cells. These early trials have demonstrated that in addition to direct cell killing, there is a significant therapeutic host immune response that greatly contributes to the success of the therapy. Although the first clinical use of NIR-PIT targeted epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), many other targets are suitable for NIR-PIT. NIR-PIT has now been applied to many cancers expressing various cell-surface target proteins using monoclonal antibodies designed to bind to them. Moreover, NIR-PIT is not limited to tumor antigens but can also be used to kill specific host cells that create immune-permissive environments in which tumors grow. Moreover, multiple targets can be treated simultaneously with NIR-PIT using a cocktail of APCs. NIR-PIT can be used in combination with other therapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, to enhance the therapeutic effect. Thus, NIR-PIT has great potential to treat a wide variety of cancers by targeting appropriate tumor cells, immune cells, or both, and can be augmented by other immunotherapies.
近红外光免疫疗法（NIR-PIT）是一种新开发的癌症治疗方法，它使用一种抗体-光吸收剂（IRDye700DX）偶联物（APC），该偶联物在近红外光照射下被激活。2020年9月，首个APC和激光系统在日本获得有条件批准用于临床。NIR-PIT的一个主要优点是，只有暴露于近红外光的与APC结合的癌细胞会被NIR-PIT杀死；因此，对相邻正常细胞的损伤最小。这些早期试验表明，除了直接杀死细胞外，还存在显著的治疗性宿主免疫反应，这对治疗的成功有很大贡献。尽管NIR-PIT的首次临床应用靶向表皮生长因子受体（EGFR），但许多其他靶点也适用于NIR-PIT。现在，NIR-PIT已通过设计用于结合各种细胞表面靶蛋白的单克隆抗体应用于许多表达这些蛋白的癌症。此外，NIR-PIT不仅限于肿瘤抗原，还可用于杀死在其中肿瘤生长的产生免疫许可环境的特定宿主细胞。此外，使用APC混合物，NIR-PIT可以同时治疗多个靶点。NIR-PIT可以与其他疗法联合使用，如免疫检查点抑制剂，以增强治疗效果。因此，NIR-PIT通过靶向合适的肿瘤细胞、免疫细胞或两者，具有治疗多种癌症的巨大潜力，并且可以通过其他免疫疗法得到增强。
