Lammens Leni, Martel An, Pasmans Frank
Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
J Fungi (Basel). 2021 May 21;7(6):406. doi: 10.3390/jof7060406.
Chytridiomycosis is an emerging infectious disease threatening amphibian populations worldwide. While environmental disinfection is important in mitigating the disease, successful elimination of (Bd) without excessively harming ecosystems is challenging. We selected peracetic acid (PAA) as the most potent of six commercially available products regarding their ability to inhibit growth of a highly virulent Bd strain. PAA killed Bd after 5 min of exposure to approximately 94.7 mg/L. We examined the toxicity of PAA against three invertebrate species and tadpoles. 93% of invertebrates, but none of the tadpoles survived 5 min of exposure to 94.7 mg/L. Tadpoles showed no adverse effects after 5 min exposure to concentrations of approximately 37.9 mg/L or lower. Addition of PAA to aquatic microcosms decreased pH, while dissolved oxygen (DO) initially increased. Degradation of PAA reversed the pH drop, but caused a massive drop in DO, which could be remedied by aeration. As proof of concept, microcosms that were aerated and treated with 94.7 mg/L PAA sustained survival of tadpoles starting 48 h after treatment. Disinfecting aquatic environments using PAA could contribute to mitigating chytridiomycosis, while preserving at least some invertebrate diversity, but requires temporary removal of resident amphibians.
蛙壶菌病是一种新出现的传染病，威胁着全球的两栖动物种群。虽然环境消毒对于减轻该疾病很重要，但在不过度损害生态系统的情况下成功消除蛙壶菌（Bd）具有挑战性。我们选择过氧乙酸（PAA）作为六种市售产品中抑制高毒力Bd菌株生长能力最强的产品。PAA在暴露于约94.7mg/L 5分钟后可杀死Bd。我们研究了PAA对三种无脊椎动物和蝌蚪的毒性。93%的无脊椎动物在暴露于94.7mg/L 5分钟后死亡，但蝌蚪无一死亡。蝌蚪在暴露于约37.9mg/L或更低浓度5分钟后未表现出不良影响。向水生微宇宙中添加PAA会降低pH值，而溶解氧（DO）最初会增加。PAA的降解逆转了pH值下降，但导致DO大幅下降，这可以通过曝气来补救。作为概念验证，经过曝气并用94.7mg/L PAA处理的微宇宙在处理后48小时开始能维持蝌蚪的存活。使用PAA对水生环境进行消毒有助于减轻蛙壶菌病，同时至少保留一些无脊椎动物的多样性，但需要暂时移除栖息的两栖动物。
