Keller Magdalena, Manzocchi Elisa, Rentsch Deborah, Lugarà Rosamaria, Giller Katrin
Animal Nutrition, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 May 20;10(5):814. doi: 10.3390/antiox10050814.
Oxidative stress and inflammatory diseases are closely related processes that need to be controlled to ensure the desirable high performance of livestock. The microalga spirulina has shown antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in monogastric species. To investigate potential beneficial effects in ruminants, we replaced soybean meal (SOY) in the diets of dairy cows and fattening bulls by spirulina (SPI) and analyzed plasma concentrations of antioxidants (β-carotene, α-tocopherol, polyphenols) and serum total antioxidant capacity. Following in vitro stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated for expression analysis of inflammation- and antioxidant-defense-related genes. Plasma β-carotene concentration was higher in SPI, compared to SOY cows, but did not differ in bulls. Plasma total phenol concentration was significantly higher in SPI, compared to SOY bulls, but not in cows. Stimulation of bovine PBMCs with LPS increased the expression of most cytokines and some antioxidant enzymes. Gene expression of PBMCs derived from SPI animals, compared to SOY animals, hardly differed. Our results indicate that in ruminants, spirulina might not have potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Future studies should evaluate the microbial degradation of spirulina and its bioactive compounds in the rumen to provide further data on potential beneficial health effects in ruminants.
氧化应激和炎症性疾病是密切相关的过程，需要加以控制以确保家畜达到理想的高性能。微藻螺旋藻已在单胃动物中显示出抗氧化和抗炎特性。为了研究其对反刍动物的潜在有益作用，我们用螺旋藻（SPI）替代了奶牛和育肥牛日粮中的豆粕（SOY），并分析了抗氧化剂（β-胡萝卜素、α-生育酚、多酚）的血浆浓度和血清总抗氧化能力。在用脂多糖（LPS）进行体外刺激后，分离外周血单核细胞（PBMC）以分析炎症和抗氧化防御相关基因的表达。与SOY组奶牛相比，SPI组奶牛血浆β-胡萝卜素浓度更高，但公牛组之间无差异。与SOY组公牛相比，SPI组公牛血浆总酚浓度显著更高，但奶牛组无差异。用LPS刺激牛PBMC会增加大多数细胞因子和一些抗氧化酶的表达。与SOY组动物相比，SPI组动物来源的PBMC基因表达几乎没有差异。我们的结果表明，在反刍动物中，螺旋藻可能没有强大的抗氧化和抗炎特性。未来的研究应评估螺旋藻及其生物活性化合物在瘤胃中的微生物降解情况，以提供关于其对反刍动物潜在有益健康影响的更多数据。
