Rubio-Infante Néstor, Moreno-Fierros Leticia
Laboratorio de Inmunidad en Mucosas, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, 54090, Estado de México, México.
J Appl Toxicol. 2016 May;36(5):630-48. doi: 10.1002/jat.3252. Epub 2015 Nov 4.
Crystal proteins (Cry) produced during the growth and sporulation phases of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bacterium are known as delta endotoxins. These toxins are being used worldwide as bioinsecticides to control pests in agriculture, and some Cry toxins are used against mosquitoes to control vector transmission. This review summarizes the relevant information currently available regarding the biosafety and biological effects that Bt and its insecticidal Cry proteins elicit in mammals. This work was performed because of concerns regarding the possible health impact of Cry toxins on vertebrates, particularly because Bt toxins might be associated with immune-activating or allergic responses. The controversial data published to date are discussed in this review considering earlier toxicological studies of B. thuringiensis, spores, toxins and Bt crops. We discussed the experimental studies performed in humans, mice, rats and sheep as well as in diverse mammalian cell lines. Although the term 'toxic' is not appropriate for defining the effects these toxins have on mammals, they cannot be considered innocuous, as they have some physiological effects that may become pathological; thus, trials that are more comprehensive are necessary to determine their effects on mammals because knowledge in this field remains limited.
苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bt）在生长和孢子形成阶段产生的晶体蛋白（Cry）被称为δ内毒素。这些毒素在全球范围内被用作生物杀虫剂来控制农业害虫，一些Cry毒素还被用于防治蚊子以控制病媒传播。本综述总结了目前有关Bt及其杀虫Cry蛋白在哺乳动物中引发的生物安全性和生物学效应的相关信息。开展这项工作是因为人们担心Cry毒素可能对脊椎动物产生健康影响，特别是因为Bt毒素可能与免疫激活或过敏反应有关。本综述结合苏云金芽孢杆菌、孢子、毒素和Bt作物早期的毒理学研究，对迄今已发表的有争议的数据进行了讨论。我们讨论了在人类、小鼠、大鼠和绵羊以及多种哺乳动物细胞系中进行的实验研究。尽管“有毒”一词并不适合用来定义这些毒素对哺乳动物的影响，但它们也不能被视为无害，因为它们具有一些可能会引发病变的生理效应；因此，鉴于该领域的知识仍然有限，有必要进行更全面的试验来确定它们对哺乳动物的影响。
