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蝠蝇科（双翅目：棘蝇下目）宿主与医学和农业上重要的“蝙蝠相关”病毒的关系。

Bat Flies of the Family (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea) Host Relatives of Medically and Agriculturally Important "Bat-Associated" Viruses.

机构信息

Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud y Ecología Humana, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Autlán CP 48900, Mexico.

Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.

出版信息

Viruses. 2021 May 8;13(5):860. doi: 10.3390/v13050860.

DOI:10.3390/v13050860
PMID:34066683
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8150819/
Abstract

Bat flies (Hippoboscoidea: and ) are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites of bats. We collected streblid bat flies from the New World (México) and the Old World (Uganda), and used metagenomics to identify their viruses. In México, we found méjal virus (; ), Amate virus (: ), and two unclassified viruses of invertebrates. Méjal virus is related to emerging zoonotic encephalitis viruses and to the agriculturally important vesicular stomatitis viruses (VSV). Amate virus and its sister taxon from a bat are most closely related to mosquito- and tick-borne orbiviruses, suggesting a previously unrecognized orbivirus transmission cycle involving bats and bat flies. In Uganda, we found mamucuso virus (: ) and two unclassified viruses (a rhabdovirus and an invertebrate virus). Mamucuso virus is related to encephalitic viruses of mammals and to viruses from nycteribiid bat flies and louse flies, suggesting a previously unrecognized orthobunyavirus transmission cycle involving hippoboscoid insects. Bat fly virus transmission may be neither strictly vector-borne nor strictly vertical, with opportunistic feeding by bat flies occasionally leading to zoonotic transmission. Many "bat-associated" viruses, which are ecologically and epidemiologically associated with bats but rarely or never found in bats themselves, may actually be viruses of bat flies or other bat ectoparasites.

摘要

吸血蝙蝠蝇（Hippoboscoidea： 和 ）是蝙蝠的专性血食性外寄生虫。我们从新世界（墨西哥）和旧世界（乌干达）收集了streblid 吸血蝙蝠蝇，并使用宏基因组学来鉴定它们的病毒。在墨西哥，我们发现了méjal 病毒（; ）、Amate 病毒（: ）和两种未分类的无脊椎动物病毒。Méjal 病毒与新兴的人畜共患脑炎病毒以及农业上重要的水疱性口炎病毒（VSV）有关。Amate 病毒及其来自蝙蝠的姊妹分类群与蚊子和蜱传播的 orbiviruses 最为密切相关，表明涉及蝙蝠和吸血蝙蝠蝇的以前未被认识的 orbivirus 传播循环。在乌干达，我们发现了 mamucuso 病毒（: ）和两种未分类的病毒（一种弹状病毒和一种无脊椎动物病毒）。Mamucuso 病毒与哺乳动物的脑炎病毒以及来自 nycteribiid 吸血蝙蝠蝇和虱蝇的病毒有关，表明涉及 hippoboscoid 昆虫的以前未被认识的正粘病毒传播循环。吸血蝙蝠蝇病毒的传播既不是严格的媒介传播，也不是严格的垂直传播，吸血蝙蝠蝇偶尔机会性的吸血可能导致人畜共患传播。许多“与蝙蝠相关”的病毒在生态和流行病学上与蝙蝠有关，但很少或从未在蝙蝠本身中发现，实际上可能是吸血蝙蝠蝇或其他蝙蝠外寄生虫的病毒。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c49c/8150819/39baef0ca036/viruses-13-00860-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c49c/8150819/9e94958f298c/viruses-13-00860-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c49c/8150819/ea3c4dd9ed33/viruses-13-00860-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c49c/8150819/c3ad91f0745a/viruses-13-00860-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c49c/8150819/fa3f9b9b5a24/viruses-13-00860-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c49c/8150819/26cc3e6ea1ee/viruses-13-00860-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c49c/8150819/39baef0ca036/viruses-13-00860-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c49c/8150819/9e94958f298c/viruses-13-00860-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c49c/8150819/ea3c4dd9ed33/viruses-13-00860-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c49c/8150819/c3ad91f0745a/viruses-13-00860-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c49c/8150819/fa3f9b9b5a24/viruses-13-00860-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c49c/8150819/26cc3e6ea1ee/viruses-13-00860-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c49c/8150819/39baef0ca036/viruses-13-00860-g006.jpg

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