Huang Chunhua, Liao Wenbo
Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China.
Institute of Eco-Adaptation in Amphibians and Reptiles, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China.
Animals (Basel). 2021 May 13;11(5):1393. doi: 10.3390/ani11051393.
Organisms adapt to environmental fluctuations by varying their morphology and structural, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. Gut microbiome, varying rapidly in response to environmental shifts, has been proposed as a strategy for adapting to the fluctuating environment (e.g., new dietary niches). Here, we explored the adaptive mechanism of frog intestinal microbes in response to environmental changes. We collected 170 during different seasons (spring, summer, autumn, and pre-hibernation) to study the compositional and functional divergence of gut microbiota and analysed the effects of seasonal feeding habits and body condition on intestinal microorganisms using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, Tax4Fun function prediction analysis, and bioinformatics analysis. The results showed no significant dietary difference in various seasons and between males and females. However, a significantly positive correlation was detected between dietary diversity and food niche width. Host condition (body size, body mass, and body condition) also revealed seasonal changes. The frogs were colonised by 71 bacterial phyla and dominated by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. was the most abundant genus in the Proteobacteria. The composition, diversity, and function of intestinal microorganisms in different seasons were significantly different. Significant differences were observed in composition and function but not in the microbial diversity between sexes. Furthermore, seasonal foods and body mass were significantly correlated with gut microbial composition. Our results suggest that gut microbiomes of vary seasonally in response to diet under fluctuating environments.
生物体通过改变其形态、结构、生理和生化特征来适应环境波动。肠道微生物群会随着环境变化而迅速变化，已被提出作为一种适应波动环境（如新的饮食生态位）的策略。在这里，我们探讨了青蛙肠道微生物对环境变化的适应性机制。我们在不同季节（春季、夏季、秋季和冬眠前）收集了170只青蛙，以研究肠道微生物群的组成和功能差异，并使用16S rRNA高通量测序、Tax4Fun功能预测分析和生物信息学分析来分析季节性饮食习惯和身体状况对肠道微生物的影响。结果表明，不同季节以及雄性和雌性之间在饮食上没有显著差异。然而，饮食多样性与食物生态位宽度之间检测到显著的正相关。宿主状况（体型、体重和身体状况）也呈现出季节性变化。青蛙的肠道中有71个细菌门定殖，其中变形菌门、厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门占主导地位。变形菌门中最丰富的属是[此处原文缺失具体属名]。不同季节肠道微生物的组成、多样性和功能存在显著差异。在性别之间，观察到微生物组成和功能存在显著差异，但微生物多样性没有差异。此外，季节性食物和体重与肠道微生物组成显著相关。我们的结果表明，在波动环境下，青蛙的肠道微生物群会因饮食而随季节变化。
