Chang Chun-Wen, Huang Bing-Hong, Lin Si-Min, Huang Chia-Lung, Liao Pei-Chun
Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan.
Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Technical Service Division, Taipei, 10066, Taiwan.
BMC Microbiol. 2016 Mar 10;16:33. doi: 10.1186/s12866-016-0660-4.
Agricultural activities inevitably result in anthropogenic interference with natural habitats. The diet and the gut microbiota of farmland wildlife can be altered due to the changes in food webs within agricultural ecosystems. In this work, we compared the diet and intestinal microbiota of the frog Fejervarya limnocharis in natural and farmland habitats in order to understand how custom farming affects the health of in vivo microbial ecosystems.
The occurrence, abundance, and the numbers of prey categories of stomach content were significantly different between the frogs inhabiting natural and farmland habitats. In addition, differences in the abundance, species richness, and alpha-diversity of intestinal microbial communities were also statistically significant. The microbial composition, and particularly the composition of dominant microbes living in intestines, indicated that the land use practices might be one of factors affecting the gut microbial community composition. Although the first three dominant microbial phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria found in the intestines of frogs were classified as generalists among habitats, the most dominant gut bacterial phylum Bacteroidetes in natural environments was replaced by the microbial phylum Firmicutes in farmland frogs. Increased intestinal microbial richness of the farmland frogs, which is mostly contributed by numerous microbial species of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Planctomycetes, not only reflects the possible shifts in microbial community composition through the alteration of external ecosystem, but also indicates the higher risk of invasion by disease-related microbes.
This study indicates that anthropogenic activities, such as the custom farming, have not only affected the food resources of frogs, but also influenced the health and in vivo microbial ecosystem of wildlife.
农业活动不可避免地导致对自然栖息地的人为干扰。由于农业生态系统中食物网的变化，农田野生动物的饮食和肠道微生物群可能会发生改变。在这项研究中，我们比较了泽陆蛙在自然栖息地和农田栖息地的饮食和肠道微生物群，以了解传统农业如何影响体内微生物生态系统的健康。
栖息在自然栖息地和农田栖息地的青蛙，其胃内容物的出现率、丰度和猎物类别数量存在显著差异。此外，肠道微生物群落的丰度、物种丰富度和α多样性差异也具有统计学意义。微生物组成，尤其是肠道内优势微生物的组成，表明土地利用方式可能是影响肠道微生物群落组成的因素之一。尽管在青蛙肠道中发现的前三大优势微生物门——拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门和变形菌门在不同栖息地中都被归类为通才，但在自然环境中最主要的肠道细菌门拟杆菌门，在农田青蛙中被厚壁菌门所取代。农田青蛙肠道微生物丰富度的增加，主要由变形菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门和浮霉菌门的众多微生物物种所致，这不仅反映了通过外部生态系统改变可能导致的微生物群落组成变化，也表明了与疾病相关的微生物入侵风险更高。
本研究表明，传统农业等人为活动不仅影响了青蛙的食物资源，还影响了野生动物的健康和体内微生物生态系统。
