Mitogenome Analysis of Four Lamiinae Species (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and Gene Expression Responses by When Infected with the Parasitic Nematode, .

We determined the mitochondrial gene sequence of and three other mitogenomes of Lamiinae (Insect: Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) belonging to three genera (, and ) to enrich the mitochondrial genome database of Lamiinae and further explore the phylogenetic relationships within the subfamily. Phylogenetic trees of the Lamiinae were built using the Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods and the monophyly of , , and genera was supported. , and were closely related, suggesting they may also be potential vectors for the transmission of the pine wood pathogenic nematode () in addition to , a well-known vector of pine wilt disease. There is a special symbiotic relationship between and . As the native sympatric sibling species of , also has a specific relationship that is often overlooked. The analysis of mitochondrial gene expression aimed to explore the effect of on the energy metabolism of the respiratory chain of adults. Using RT-qPCR, we determined and analyzed the expression of eight mitochondrial protein-coding genes (, , , , , , , and ) between infected by and without the nematode. Expression of all the eight mitochondrial genes were up-regulated, particularly the and gene, which were up-regulated by 4-5-fold ( < 0.01). Since longicorn beetles have immune responses to nematodes, we believe that their relationship should not be viewed as symbiotic, but classed as parasitic.