Boag Russell J, Stevenson Niek, van Dooren Roel, Trutti Anne C, Sjoerds Zsuzsika, Forstmann Birte U
Integrative Model-Based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Cognitive Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology & Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
Brain Sci. 2021 May 28;11(6):721. doi: 10.3390/brainsci11060721.
Working memory (WM)-based decision making depends on a number of cognitive control processes that control the flow of information into and out of WM and ensure that only relevant information is held active in WM's limited-capacity store. Although necessary for successful decision making, recent work has shown that these control processes impose performance costs on both the speed and accuracy of WM-based decisions. Using the reference-back task as a benchmark measure of WM control, we conducted evidence accumulation modeling to test several competing explanations for six benchmark empirical performance costs. Costs were driven by a combination of processes, running outside of the decision stage (longer non-decision time) and showing the inhibition of the prepotent response (lower drift rates) in trials requiring WM control. Individuals also set more cautious response thresholds when expecting to update WM with new information versus maintain existing information. We discuss the promise of this approach for understanding cognitive control in WM-based decision making.
基于工作记忆（WM）的决策依赖于一些认知控制过程，这些过程控制信息流入和流出WM，并确保只有相关信息在WM的有限容量存储中保持活跃。虽然这些控制过程是成功决策所必需的，但最近的研究表明，这些控制过程会对基于WM的决策的速度和准确性造成性能成本。我们使用参考回溯任务作为WM控制的基准测量方法，进行了证据积累建模，以检验对六种基准实证性能成本的几种相互竞争的解释。成本是由决策阶段之外运行的多种过程共同驱动的（非决策时间更长），并且在需要WM控制的试验中表现出对优势反应的抑制（较低的漂移率）。与维持现有信息相比，当个体期望用新信息更新WM时，他们也会设置更谨慎的反应阈值。我们讨论了这种方法对于理解基于WM的决策中的认知控制的前景。
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