Epidemiological Characteristics and Predisposing Factors for Surgical Site Infections Caused by Bacterial Pathogens Exhibiting Multidrug-Resistant Patterns.

BACKGROUND

Surgical site infection is the most common kind of nosocomial infection in developed and developing countries.

OBJECTIVES

Our aim was to identify the prevalence of factors predisposing to multidrug resistance and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of pathogens.

METHOD

This retrospective study enrolled 10,878 patients who underwent operations in 2018-2020. Pathogens were identified using eosin methylene blue agar. Mueller-Hinton agar was used to assess antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance. In total, 382 patients with confirmed surgical site infection (SSI), whose culture showed growth, were included in the study.

RESULTS

The prevalence of SSI in the current study was 3.5%. was the predominant pathogen (35.8%), followed by (21.8%). Antibiotic use, chronic renal failure, diabetes, and emergency operations were found to increase the likelihood of multidrug resistance (OR = 6.23, CI = 1.443-26.881, = 0.014; OR = 5.67, CI = 1.837-19.64, = 0.02; OR = 2.54, CI = 1.46-7.35, = 0.03; OR = 1.885, CI = 1.067-3.332, = 0.002, respectively). The pathogens showed different levels of antimicrobial resistance against ceftriaxone (72.7%), ciprofloxacin (46.6%), and gentamicin (34%). Antimicrobial resistance of about 1-3.4% was exhibited by linezolid, tigecycline, and teicoplanin.

CONCLUSION

The study presented significantly increased multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae pathogens isolated from surgical sites. They involve significant morbidity and mortality rates and increased health-related costs.