College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
Viruses. 2021 May 24;13(6):973. doi: 10.3390/v13060973.
Traditional influenza vaccines generate strain-specific antibodies which cannot provide protection against divergent influenza virus strains. Further, due to frequent antigenic shifts and drift of influenza viruses, annual reformulation and revaccination are required in order to match circulating strains. Thus, the development of a universal influenza vaccine (UIV) is critical for long-term protection against all seasonal influenza virus strains, as well as to provide protection against a potential pandemic virus. One of the most important strategies in the development of UIVs is the selection of optimal targeting antigens to generate broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies or cross-reactive T cell responses against divergent influenza virus strains. However, each type of target antigen for UIVs has advantages and limitations for the generation of sufficient immune responses against divergent influenza viruses. Herein, we review current strategies and perspectives regarding the use of antigens, including hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, matrix proteins, and internal proteins, for universal influenza vaccine development.
传统流感疫苗可产生针对特定毒株的抗体，但不能提供针对不同流感病毒株的保护。此外，由于流感病毒经常发生抗原性转变和漂移，为了与流行株匹配，需要每年进行配方改革和重新接种。因此，开发通用流感疫苗（UIV）对于长期预防所有季节性流感病毒株以及预防潜在的大流行病毒至关重要。开发 UIV 的最重要策略之一是选择最佳靶向抗原，以针对不同流感病毒株产生广泛交叉反应的中和抗体或交叉反应性 T 细胞反应。然而，UIV 的每种类型的靶抗原在针对不同流感病毒产生足够的免疫反应方面都有其优势和局限性。在此，我们综述了目前使用包括血凝素、神经氨酸酶、基质蛋白和内部蛋白在内的抗原开发通用流感疫苗的策略和观点。
