School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, 4111, Australia.
Physiotherapy Department, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, 4101, Australia.
J Headache Pain. 2021 Jun 1;22(1):49. doi: 10.1186/s10194-021-01262-2.
Headache disorders are highly prevalent worldwide, but not well investigated in adolescents. Few studies have included representative nationwide samples. This study aimed to present the prevalence and burden of recurrent headache in Australian adolescents.
The prevalence of recurrent headache, headache characteristics (severity and frequency) and burden on health-related quality of life in Australian children aged 10-17 years were presented, using nationally representative data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian children (LSAC). The LSAC, commencing in 2004, collects data every 2 years from a sample of Australian children of two different age cohorts: B 'baby' cohort, aged 0-1 years and K 'kindergarten' cohort, aged 4-5 years at the commencement of the study. Face-to-face interviews and self-complete questionnaires have been conducted with the study child and parents of the study child (carer-reported data) at each data collection wave, with seven waves of data available at the time of the current study. Wave 7 of the LSAC was conducted in 2016, with B cohort children aged 12-13 years and K cohort children aged 16-17 years. For the current study, data were accessed for four out of seven waves of available data (Wave 4-7) and presented cross-sectionally for the two cohorts of Australian children, for the included age groups (10-11 years, 12-13 years, 14-15 years and 16-17 years). All available carer-reported questionnaire data pertaining to headache prevalence, severity and frequency, general health and health-related quality of life, for the two cohorts, were included in the study, and presented for male and female adolescents. Carer-reported general health status of the study child and health-related quality of life scores, using the parent proxy-report of the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ 4.0, were compared for male and female adolescents with recurrent headache and compared with a healthy group. Finally, health-related quality of life scores were compared based on headache frequency and severity.
The LSAC study initially recruited 10,090 Australian children (B cohort n = 5107, K cohort n = 4983), and 64.1% of the initial sample responded at wave 7. Attrition rates across the included waves ranged from 26.3% to 33.8% (wave 6 and 7) for the B cohort, and 16.3% to 38.0% (wave 4-7) for the K cohort. Recurrent headache was more common in females, increasing from 6.6% in 10-11 years old females to 13.2% in 16-17 years old females. The prevalence of headache in males ranged from 4.3% to 6.4% across the age groups. Health-related quality of life scores were lower for all functional domains in adolescents with recurrent headache, for both sexes. Headache frequency, but not severity, was significantly associated with lower health-related quality of life scores, in both males and females.
Recurrent headache was common among Australian adolescents and increased in prevalence for females, across the age groups. Frequent recurrent headache is burdensome for both male and female adolescents. This study provides information regarding the prevalence and burden of recurrent headache in the adolescent population based on findings from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children.
头痛障碍在全球范围内非常普遍，但在青少年中研究不足。很少有研究包括具有代表性的全国性样本。本研究旨在介绍澳大利亚青少年复发性头痛的患病率和负担。
使用来自澳大利亚儿童纵向研究（LSAC）的全国代表性数据，介绍了澳大利亚 10-17 岁儿童反复发作性头痛的患病率、头痛特征（严重程度和频率）以及对健康相关生活质量的负担。LSAC 于 2004 年开始，每两年从澳大利亚两个不同年龄组的儿童样本中收集数据：B“婴儿”队列，年龄为 0-1 岁，K“幼儿园”队列，年龄为 4-5 岁在研究开始时。在每次数据收集时，都对研究儿童和研究儿童的父母（照顾者报告数据）进行面对面访谈和自我完成的问卷调查，在当前研究时，有七波数据可用。LSAC 的第七波于 2016 年进行，B 队列儿童年龄为 12-13 岁，K 队列儿童年龄为 16-17 岁。目前的研究中，使用可用数据的四波（第 4-7 波）进行了数据分析，并为澳大利亚儿童的两个队列呈现了横断面数据，包括纳入的年龄组（10-11 岁、12-13 岁、14-15 岁和 16-17 岁）。两个队列中所有可用的与头痛患病率、严重程度和频率、一般健康状况和健康相关生活质量相关的照顾者报告问卷数据均包含在研究中，并呈现给男性和女性青少年。使用父母代理报告的儿科生活质量量表 4.0 比较了患有复发性头痛的男性和女性青少年的研究儿童的一般健康状况和健康相关生活质量评分，并与健康组进行了比较。最后，根据头痛频率和严重程度比较了健康相关生活质量评分。
LSAC 研究最初招募了 10090 名澳大利亚儿童（B 队列 n=5107，K 队列 n=4983），初始样本中有 64.1%在第 7 波做出回应。在纳入的波次中，B 队列的辍学率在 26.3%到 33.8%之间（第 6 波和第 7 波），而 K 队列的辍学率在 16.3%到 38.0%之间（第 4-7 波）。复发性头痛在女性中更为常见，从 10-11 岁女性的 6.6%增加到 16-17 岁女性的 13.2%。男性在各年龄组的头痛患病率在 4.3%到 6.4%之间。在患有复发性头痛的青少年中，所有功能领域的健康相关生活质量评分均较低，无论性别如何。头痛频率而不是严重程度与男性和女性青少年的健康相关生活质量评分显著相关。
复发性头痛在澳大利亚青少年中很常见，并且在女性中随年龄增长而增加。频繁的复发性头痛对男性和女性青少年都是一种负担。本研究基于澳大利亚儿童纵向研究的结果，提供了青少年人群中复发性头痛的患病率和负担的信息。
