College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9743-7265.
Department of Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
Acta Med Acad. 2021 Apr;50(1):47-57. doi: 10.5644/ama2006-124.325.
This review provides a brief overview of the state-of-the-art molecular pathology approaches emphasizing the increasingly important pathology role in clinical precision cancer medicine. Recent advances in molecular biology and genetics have tremendously affected the practice of anatomic pathology, gradually transforming it from a morphology-based into a molecularbased discipline. Molecular diagnostics has a long tradition in pathology, especially in clinical pathology. The improvement of methodology for genomic testing in recent years has made it one of the cornerstones of precision cancer medicine. The decisions related to cancer treatments are no longer solely based on the histopathological diagnosis. Various genomic analyses of human cancers are being incorporated into diagnostic and decision-making algorithms. CONCLUSION: The pathologists continue to play an essential role in developing and implementing molecular and genomic tests in practice and communicate the results and their relevance with clinicians. Such activities are of utmost importance for successfully translating scientific advancements into a benefit to patients ("next-generation pathologists").
这篇综述简要概述了最先进的分子病理学方法，强调了病理学在临床精准肿瘤医学中日益重要的作用。分子生物学和遗传学的最新进展极大地影响了解剖病理学的实践，逐渐将其从基于形态学的学科转变为基于分子的学科。分子诊断在病理学中有着悠久的传统，尤其是在临床病理学中。近年来基因组检测方法的改进使其成为精准肿瘤医学的基石之一。与癌症治疗相关的决策不再仅仅基于组织病理学诊断。人类癌症的各种基因组分析被纳入诊断和决策算法中。结论：病理学家继续在实践中发挥重要作用，开发和实施分子和基因组检测，并与临床医生沟通结果及其相关性。这些活动对于成功地将科学进展转化为患者的利益（“下一代病理学家”）至关重要。
