Medlab Pathology, Auburn, NSW, Australia; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
Medlab Pathology, Auburn, NSW, Australia; genomiQa, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
Pathology. 2021 Dec;53(7):809-817. doi: 10.1016/j.pathol.2021.08.003. Epub 2021 Oct 8.
Traditionally, cancer diagnosis and management has been reactionary in that symptoms lead to investigations, then a diagnosis is followed by clinical management. This process is heavily dependent on tissue diagnosis mainly by histopathology and to a lesser extent, cytopathology. However, in recent times there has been a shift towards precision medicine to enable prevention, prediction and personalisation in healthcare. The core of precision medicine is optimising therapeutic benefit for patients, by using genomic and molecular profiling, analogously termed precision pathology. This review explores (1) the evolution of pathology from a para-clinical discipline to a mainstream medical field integral to oncology tumour boards; (2) its critical role in preventative, diagnostic, therapeutic and follow-up cancer care; (3) the future of tissue pathology in the era of precision oncology; and (4) how pathologists may evolve to future-proof their profession.
传统上，癌症的诊断和治疗是被动的，即症状导致检查，然后是诊断，接着是临床管理。这个过程严重依赖于组织诊断，主要是通过组织病理学，在较小程度上依赖于细胞病理学。然而，最近已经转向精准医学，以实现医疗保健的预防、预测和个性化。精准医学的核心是通过基因组和分子分析来优化患者的治疗效果，这也被称为精准病理学。这篇综述探讨了：（1）病理学从辅助临床学科演变为肿瘤委员会中不可或缺的主流医学领域的过程；（2）它在预防、诊断、治疗和随访癌症护理方面的关键作用；（3）精准肿瘤学时代组织病理学的未来；（4）病理学家如何发展以应对未来的挑战。
