Department of Human Movement Sciences, 2016 Student Recreation Center, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529.
Department of Human Movement Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529.
J Biomech Eng. 2021 Nov 1;143(11). doi: 10.1115/1.4051346.
Research examining gait biomechanics of persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has grown significantly in recent years and has demonstrated that persons with ASD walk at slower self-selected speeds and with shorter strides, wider step widths, and reduced lower extremity range of motion and moments compared to neurotypical controls. In contrast to walking, running has yet to be examined in persons with ASD. The purpose of this study was to examine lower extremity running biomechanics in adolescents (13-18-year-olds) with ASD and matched (age, sex, and body mass index (BMI)) neurotypical controls. Three-dimensional kinematics and ground reaction forces (GRFs) were recorded while participants ran at two matched speeds: self-selected speed of adolescents with ASD and at 3.0 m/s. Sagittal and frontal plane lower extremity biomechanics and vertical GRF waveforms were compared using two-way analyses of variances (ANOVAs) via statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Adolescents with ASD ran with reduced stride length at self-selected speed (0.29 m) and reduced vertical displacement (2.1 cm), loading-propulsion GRFs (by 14.5%), propulsion plantarflexion moments (18.5%), loading-propulsion hip abduction moments (44.4%), and loading knee abduction moments (69.4%) at both speeds. Running at 3.0 m/s increased sagittal plane hip and knee moments surrounding initial contact (both 10.4%) and frontal plane knee angles during midstance (2.9 deg) and propulsion (2.8 deg) compared to self-selected speeds. Reduced contributions from primarily the ankle plantarflexion but also knee abduction and hip abduction moments likely reduced the vertical GRF and displacement. As differences favored reduced loading, youth with ASD can safely be encouraged to engage in running as a physical activity.
近年来，研究自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）患者步态生物力学的工作显著增加，研究表明，与神经典型对照相比，ASD 患者的自我选择速度较慢，步幅较短，步宽较宽，下肢活动范围和力矩减小。与步行不同，ASD 患者的跑步运动尚未得到研究。本研究的目的是研究 ASD 青少年（13-18 岁）的下肢跑步生物力学，并与匹配（年龄、性别和体重指数（BMI）的神经典型对照组进行比较。参与者以两种匹配速度跑步时，记录了三维运动学和地面反作用力（GRF）：ASD 青少年的自我选择速度和 3.0m/s。通过统计参数映射（SPM）使用双向方差分析（ANOVA）比较矢状面和额状面下肢生物力学和垂直 GRF 波形。ASD 青少年以自我选择速度跑步时步长缩短（0.29m），垂直位移减小（2.1cm），负载-推进 GRF 减小（14.5%），推进跖屈力矩减小（18.5%），负载-推进髋关节外展力矩减小（44.4%），两个速度下的膝关节外展力矩减小（69.4%）。以 3.0m/s 跑步时，与自我选择速度相比，初始接触时矢状面髋关节和膝关节力矩增加（均为 10.4%），中间步和推进阶段额状面膝关节角度增加（2.9 度）。与自我选择速度相比，主要来自踝关节跖屈的力矩以及膝关节外展和髋关节外展的力矩减小，可能会降低垂直 GRF 和垂直位移。由于差异有利于减少负荷，因此可以鼓励 ASD 青少年安全地参与跑步等体育活动。
