Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Ryde, NSW, Australia.
J Feline Med Surg. 2022 Apr;24(4):298-303. doi: 10.1177/1098612X211017461. Epub 2021 Jun 2.
Ureteral obstruction (UO) in cats causes acute kidney injury and typically requires surgical intervention. Information is required about potentially modifiable risk factors to inform prevention strategies.
A case-control study was performed to assess risk factors associated with feline UO. Cases were defined as cats with either of the following: (1) ureteral obstruction (ureteroliths: 13/18; unknown: 5/18) confirmed with pyelography; or (2) a creatinine concentration >140 µmol/l with both UO (ureteroliths: 6/10; blood clots: 3/10; pyonephrosis: 1/10) and pyelectasia ⩾5 mm on abdominal ultra sonography. Controls were defined as cats without evidence of UO on history, physical examination and abdominal ultrasound. Age, sex, breed (domestic shorthair/longhair), diet (predominantly dry, mixed or predominantly moist food), housing (indoors or mixed) and plasma total calcium were evaluated for their association with UO using multivariable logistic regression. A receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was created to evaluate the predictive ability of the final model.
In total, 168 cats (28 cases, 140 controls) were included. Age, sex, breed, housing and total calcium were not significantly associated with UO; however, diet was. Compared with cats eating a predominantly moist food diet, cats fed a predominantly dry food diet were 15.9 times more likely to develop a UO (95% confidence interval 2.9-295; = 0.009). There was no difference in the association between diet and UO in cats fed a mixed diet vs cats fed a predominantly moist food diet ( = 0.25). The area under the ROC curve was 72%.
Changes in diet formulation could provide a simple and economical method to reduce the risk of UO.
猫的输尿管梗阻 (UO) 会导致急性肾损伤，通常需要手术干预。需要了解潜在的可改变的危险因素，以便为预防策略提供信息。
进行了一项病例对照研究，以评估与猫 UO 相关的危险因素。病例定义为以下任何一种情况的猫：(1) 肾盂造影证实有输尿管梗阻 (输尿管结石：13/18；原因不明：5/18)；或 (2) 肌酐浓度 >140 μmol/l，同时伴有 UO（输尿管结石：6/10；血凝块：3/10；肾盂积脓：1/10）和腹部超声检查显示肾盂扩张 ⩾5mm。对照组定义为病史、体格检查和腹部超声检查均无 UO 证据的猫。使用多变量逻辑回归评估年龄、性别、品种（短毛/长毛家猫）、饮食（主要为干粮、混合或主要为湿粮）、饲养方式（室内或混合）和血浆总钙与 UO 的关系。创建了受试者工作特征 (ROC) 曲线来评估最终模型的预测能力。
共纳入 168 只猫（28 只病例，140 只对照）。年龄、性别、品种、饲养方式和总钙与 UO 无显著相关性；然而，饮食是有影响的。与食用主要湿粮的猫相比，食用主要干粮的猫发生 UO 的可能性高 15.9 倍（95%置信区间 2.9-295； = 0.009）。与食用混合日粮的猫相比，食用主要湿粮的猫的饮食与 UO 之间的关联没有差异（ = 0.25）。ROC 曲线下面积为 72%。
改变饮食配方可能是一种简单且经济的方法，可以降低 UO 的风险。
