Wąsowicz Grażyna, Mizak Szymon, Krawiec Jakub, Białaszek Wojciech
Department of Economic Psychology, Kozminski University, Warsaw, Poland.
DecisionLab: Center for Behavioral Research in Decision Making, Institute of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland.
Front Psychol. 2021 May 17;12:647975. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.647975. eCollection 2021.
This study investigated the relationships between selected emotional aspects of mental ill-health (depression, anxiety, and stress, DASS) and mental well-health (well-being) experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. The theoretical model of the study was based on Martin Seligman's positive psychology and PERMA theory and Paul Wong's Existential Positive Psychology 2.0 Theory, which postulates that negative experiences contribute to well-being and personal growth. The static approach was complemented by exploring the mediating role of psychological flexibility (defined as acceptance and action in the current situation) in the relationship between negative emotions and well-being. The data were collected during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic from 277 participants (221 women), aged = 33.83, SD = 12.77. The results confirmed that negative emotions correlated negatively with various domains of well-being (PERM), except for accomplishment (completing tasks and fulfill daily responsibilities). Moreover, negative emotions were related to the general well-being through psychological flexibility in that higher depression, anxiety, and stress were associated with lower psychological flexibility, which decreased general well-being. Finally, negative emotions were shown to be beneficial, having an adaptive effect that allows individuals to maintain their ability to cope with the situation, reach goals, and fulfill daily duties and responsibilities despite critical, stressful situation (like the COVID-19 pandemic) that limit their psychological flexibility. This observation confirmed the positive potential of negative aspects of life postulated within Existential Positive Psychology.
本研究调查了心理健康问题（抑郁、焦虑和压力，DASS）中选定的情绪方面与在新冠疫情期间所体验到的心理健康（幸福感）之间的关系。该研究的理论模型基于马丁·塞利格曼的积极心理学和PERMA理论以及保罗·王的存在主义积极心理学2.0理论，这些理论假定负面经历有助于幸福感和个人成长。通过探究心理灵活性（定义为在当前情境中的接纳和行动）在负面情绪与幸福感关系中的中介作用，对静态方法进行了补充。数据收集于新冠疫情初期，来自277名参与者（221名女性），年龄 = 33.83，标准差 = 12.77。结果证实，负面情绪与幸福感的各个领域（PERM）呈负相关，但成就领域（完成任务和履行日常职责）除外。此外，负面情绪通过心理灵活性与总体幸福感相关联，即更高的抑郁、焦虑和压力与更低的心理灵活性相关，而这会降低总体幸福感。最后，负面情绪被证明是有益的，具有一种适应性作用，使个体能够在诸如新冠疫情这种限制其心理灵活性的危急、压力情境下，仍保持应对局面、实现目标以及履行日常职责的能力。这一观察结果证实了存在主义积极心理学所假定的生活负面方面的积极潜力。
