Astrand P O
Department of Physiology III, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Ann Clin Res. 1988;20(1-2):10-7.
The study of the normal human individual provides an important baseline for the study of disease. Exercise physiology is particularly important because an exercise situation provides a unique opportunity to study how different functions are coordinated and integrated. In fact, most functions and structures are in one way or another affected by acute and chronic (i.e. training) exercise. There is unanimous agreement that regular exercise is essential for optimal function of the human body. It is evident that extrinsic factors, such as diet and exercise habits, are reflected in the morbidity and mortality statistics, especially in aging. Both healthy individuals and those with chronic illnesses and functional handicaps can improve their performances and, therefore, their quality of life by increased physical activity. In my opinion, epidemiological research has established that physical inactivity from a medical viewpoint is a risk factor threatening health and an optimal life style. Adverse effects of non-competitive exercises are very small in comparison with health benefits.
对正常人体的研究为疾病研究提供了重要的基线。运动生理学尤为重要，因为运动情境为研究不同功能如何协调和整合提供了独特的机会。事实上，大多数功能和结构都会以某种方式受到急性和慢性（即训练）运动的影响。人们一致认为，规律运动对于人体的最佳功能至关重要。显然，外在因素，如饮食和运动习惯，反映在发病率和死亡率统计数据中，尤其是在衰老过程中。健康个体以及患有慢性疾病和功能障碍的人都可以通过增加身体活动来提高其表现，从而提高生活质量。在我看来，流行病学研究已经证实，从医学角度来看，缺乏身体活动是威胁健康的一个风险因素，而最佳的生活方式应该是积极运动。与健康益处相比，非竞技性运动的不良影响非常小。
