Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, Box SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; Department of Physiotherapy, South London Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
J Psychiatr Res. 2021 Aug;140:15-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.05.049. Epub 2021 May 23.
Our aim was to investigate whether different types and social contexts of physical activity (PA) participation are prospectively associated with psychological distress and well-being among middle-aged adults.
Data from the 1970 British Cohort Study was used (N = 5144-2733 women). At age 42y, participants reported their type of leisure-time PA, which was classified as individual PA or group PA (exposure). At age 46y, participants reported co-primary outcomes: psychological distress (Malaise Inventory) and well-being (Warwick-Edinburgh scale). Highest academic achievement, employment status, country of interview, baseline values of psychological distress and well-being, smoking, alcohol use, TV-viewing and total physical activity at 42y were used as covariates. Main analyses included linear regression stratifying by sex.
Jogging, cross-country, road-running (both sexes) as well as team sports (men) were associated with higher well-being. Health, fitness, gym or conditioning activities and jogging, cross-country (women), road-running (women) and team sports (men) were associated with lower psychological distress. Participation in both individual and group PA were associated with lower psychological distress and higher well-being for both sexes in crude models. However, adjusted models revealed that only group PA was associated with lower psychological distress (B: -0.106; 95%CI: -0.188 to -0.025) and higher well-being (0.835; 0.050 to 1.619) among men but not women. In the sensitivity analysis, group PA was associated with higher well-being (0.855; 0.094 to 1.616) when compared with individual PA among men. Group PA was not associated with psychological distress among both sexes and well-being among women when compared with individual PA.
Group PA was prospectively associated with lower psychological distress and higher well-being among men but not females. Future PA interventions could focus on group activities for males. Further research to understand the relationship between individual/group PA and mental health is required in females.
本研究旨在探究不同类型和社会环境的身体活动（PA）与中年人群的心理困扰和幸福感是否存在前瞻性关联。
本研究使用了 1970 年英国队列研究的数据（N=5144-2733 名女性）。在 42 岁时，参与者报告了他们的休闲时间 PA 类型，分为个体 PA 或团体 PA（暴露）。在 46 岁时，参与者报告了两个主要结局：心理困扰（不适量表）和幸福感（华威-爱丁堡量表）。最高学历、就业状况、访谈国家、基线心理困扰和幸福感、吸烟、饮酒、电视观看和 42 岁时的总身体活动被用作协变量。主要分析包括按性别分层的线性回归。
慢跑、越野跑、公路跑（男女）以及团体运动（男性）与更高的幸福感相关。健康、健身、健身房或调节活动以及慢跑、越野跑（女性）、公路跑（女性）和团体运动（男性）与较低的心理困扰相关。在未调整模型中，个体和团体 PA 均与男女心理困扰降低和幸福感升高相关。然而，在调整模型中，仅团体 PA 与男性心理困扰降低（B：-0.106；95%CI：-0.188 至 -0.025）和幸福感升高（0.835；0.050 至 1.619）相关，但与女性无关。在敏感性分析中，与个体 PA 相比，团体 PA 与男性更高的幸福感（0.855；0.094 至 1.616）相关。与个体 PA 相比，团体 PA 与两性的心理困扰无关，与女性的幸福感无关。
团体 PA 与男性的心理困扰降低和幸福感升高呈前瞻性关联，但与女性无关。未来的 PA 干预措施可以针对男性的团体活动。需要进一步研究以了解个体/团体 PA 与心理健康之间的关系。
