Riedy Samantha M, Fekedulegn Desta, Vila Bryan, Andrew Michael, Violanti John M
Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
Policing. 2021 Apr 2;44(2):200-212.
PURPOSE –: To characterize changes in work hours across a career in law enforcement.
DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH –: = 113 police officers enrolled in the BCOPS cohort were studied. The police officers started their careers in law enforcement between 1994 and 2001 at a mid-sized, unionized police department in northwestern New York and continued to work at this police department for at least 15 years. Day-by-day work history records were obtained from the payroll department. Work hours, leave hours and other pay types were summarized for each calendar year across their first 15 years of employment. Linear mixed-effects models with a random intercept over subject were used to determine if there were significant changes in pay types over time.
FINDINGS –: A total of 1,617 individual-years of data were analyzed. As the police officers gained seniority at the department, they worked fewer hours and fewer night shifts. Total paid hours did not significantly change due to seniority-based increases in vacation time. Night shift work was increasingly in the form of overtime as officers gained seniority. Overtime was more prevalent at the beginning of a career and after a promotion from police officer to detective.
ORIGINALITY/VALUE –: Shiftwork and long work hours have negative effects on sleep and increase the likelihood of on-duty fatigue and performance impairment. The results suggest that there are different points within a career in law enforcement where issues surrounding shiftwork and long work hours may be more prevalent. This has important implications for predicting fatigue, developing effective countermeasures and measuring fatigue-related costs.
描述执法职业生涯中工作时间的变化情况。
设计/方法/途径：对113名参与BCOPS队列研究的警察进行了调查。这些警察于1994年至2001年期间在纽约州西北部一个中型的、有工会组织的警察局开始其执法生涯，并在该警察局持续工作至少15年。从薪资部门获取了每日工作历史记录。对他们就业的前15年中每个日历年的工作时间、休假时间和其他薪资类型进行了汇总。使用带有个体随机截距的线性混合效应模型来确定薪资类型随时间是否有显著变化。
共分析了1617个个体年份的数据。随着警察在部门中资历的增加，他们的工作时间和夜班次数减少。由于基于资历的休假时间增加，总带薪工作时间没有显著变化。随着警察资历的增加，夜班工作越来越多地以加班形式出现。加班在职业生涯开始时以及从警员晋升为侦探后更为普遍。
原创性/价值：轮班工作和长时间工作对睡眠有负面影响，并增加了值班疲劳和工作表现受损的可能性。结果表明，在执法职业生涯中有不同的阶段，轮班工作和长时间工作相关问题可能更为普遍。这对于预测疲劳、制定有效的应对措施以及衡量与疲劳相关的成本具有重要意义。
