Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.
Chronobiol Int. 2011 May;28(5):446-57. doi: 10.3109/07420528.2011.573112.
Police officers are required to work irregular hours, which induces stress, fatigue, and sleep disruption, and they have higher rates of chronic disease and mortality. Cortisol is a well-known "stress hormone" produced via activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. An abnormal secretion pattern has been associated with immune system dysregulation and may serve as an early indicator of disease risk. This study examined the effects of long- and short-term shiftwork on the cortisol awakening response among officers (n = 68) in the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress (BCOPS) pilot study (2001-2003). The time each officer spent on day (start time: 04:00-11:59 h), afternoon (12:00-19:59 h), or night (20:00-03:59 h) shifts was summarized from 1994 to examination date to characterize long-term (mean: 14 ± 9 yrs) and short-term (3, 5, 7, or 14 days prior to participation) shiftwork exposures. The cortisol awakening response was characterized by summarizing the area under the curve (AUC) for samples collected on first awakening, and at 15-, 30-, and 45-min intervals after waking. Data were collected on a scheduled training or off day. The cortisol AUC with respect to ground (AUC(G)) summarized total cortisol output after waking, and the cortisol AUC with respect to increase (AUC(I)) characterized the waking cortisol response. Officers also completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Waking cortisol AUC values were lower among officers working short-term night or afternoon shifts than day shifts, with maximal differences occurring after 5 days of shiftwork. The duration of long-term shiftwork was not associated with the cortisol awakening response, although values were attenuated among officers with more career shift changes.
警察需要不定时工作，这会导致压力、疲劳和睡眠中断，他们患慢性病和死亡率更高。皮质醇是一种众所周知的“应激激素”，通过下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的激活产生。异常的分泌模式与免疫系统失调有关，可能是疾病风险的早期指标。本研究检查了长期和短期轮班工作对布法罗心脏代谢职业警察应激（BCOPS）试点研究（2001-2003）中警察（n=68）皮质醇觉醒反应的影响。从 1994 年到检查日期，总结了每位警察在白班（开始时间：04:00-11:59 h）、下午班（12:00-19:59 h）或夜班（20:00-03:59 h）的工作时间，以描述长期（平均：14±9 年）和短期（参与前 3、5、7 或 14 天）轮班工作暴露情况。皮质醇觉醒反应通过总结第一次觉醒和觉醒后 15、30 和 45 分钟采集的样本的曲线下面积（AUC）来描述。数据是在预定的训练日或休息日收集的。以地面为基准的皮质醇 AUC（AUC(G)）总结了唤醒后总皮质醇的输出，以增加为基准的皮质醇 AUC（AUC(I)）描述了唤醒时的皮质醇反应。警察还完成了流行病学研究中心抑郁量表。短期夜间或下午轮班的警察醒来时皮质醇 AUC 值低于白天轮班的警察，在轮班工作 5 天后差异最大。长期轮班工作的持续时间与皮质醇觉醒反应无关，但职业轮班变化较多的警察的皮质醇觉醒反应值减弱。
