Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Disease, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Front Immunol. 2021 May 19;12:654540. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.654540. eCollection 2021.
Dendritic cells (DCs) induce and regulate adaptive immunity through migrating and maturing in the kidney. In this procedure, they can adopt different phenotypes-rejection-associated DCs promote acute or chronic injury renal grafts while tolerogenic DCs suppress the overwhelmed inflammation preventing damage to renal functionality. All the subsets interact with effector T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) stimulated by the ischemia-reperfusion procedure, although the classification corresponding to different effects remains controversial. Thus, in this review, we discuss the origin, maturation, and pathological effects of DCs in the kidney. Then we summarize the roles of divergent DCs in renal transplantation: taking both positive and negative stages in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), switching phenotypes to induce acute or chronic rejection, and orchestrating surface markers for allograft tolerance alterations in metabolism. In conclusion, we prospect that multidimensional transcriptomic analysis will revolute researches on renal transplantation by addressing the elusive mononuclear phagocyte classification and providing a holistic view of DC ontogeny and subpopulations.
树突状细胞（DCs）通过在肾脏中的迁移和成熟来诱导和调节适应性免疫。在这个过程中，它们可以采用不同的表型——排斥相关的 DCs 促进急性或慢性损伤肾移植物，而耐受性 DCs 抑制过度炎症，防止对肾功能的损害。所有亚群都与缺血再灌注过程中刺激的效应 T 细胞和调节性 T 细胞（Tregs）相互作用，尽管对应不同作用的分类仍然存在争议。因此，在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 DCs 在肾脏中的起源、成熟和病理作用。然后，我们总结了不同的 DCs 在肾移植中的作用：在缺血再灌注损伤（IRI）中既发挥积极作用又发挥消极作用，改变表型以诱导急性或慢性排斥反应，并协调表面标志物以改变移植物的耐受性改变代谢。总之，我们预计多维转录组分析将通过解决难以捉摸的单核吞噬细胞分类，并提供 DC 发生和亚群的整体观点，来彻底改变肾移植的研究。
