痰细胞学检查对于检测由吸烟引发的非典型肺上皮细胞增殖性变化是否可靠？

Is sputum cytology reliable for detection of atypical lung epithelial proliferative changes triggered by cigarette smoking?

作者信息

Ahmed Hussain Gadelkarim, Abboh Emad Abboh Abdallah, Alnajib Alfatih Mohamed Ahmed, Elhussein Gamal Eldin Mohamed Osman, Binsaleh Naif K, Mustafa Saadalnour Abusail, Abdalla Rania Abdeen Hussain, Babiker Ali Yousef Yahia, Mohammed Mohammed Siddig AbdElaziz

机构信息

College of Medicine, University of Ha'il Saudi Arabia.

Department of Histopathology and Cytology, FMLS, University of Khartoum Sudan.

出版信息

Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2021 May 15;14(5):618-626. eCollection 2021.

DOI:

PMID:34093947

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8167489/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

In recent years, Saudi Arabia has witnessed major tobacco smoking-related disease, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, particularly among the younger population.

METHODOLOGY

The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of cigarette smoke on lung epithelial cells.

RESULTS

This was a cross-sectional case-control study involving 300 apparently healthy volunteers living in Ha'il, Northern Saudi Arabia. Cigarette smokers (N = 100) were used as cases, and non-smokers (N = 200) were used as controls. A sputum specimen was obtained from each participant, employing all necessary safety precautions and sample adequacy measures.

RESULTS

Among 300 study subjects, cytologic atypia was identified in 14/300 (4.7%). Among the 14 cases with atypical cytologic changes, 13/14 (92.9%) were in smokers and 1/14 (7.1%) was in a non-smoker. The risk of lung cytologic atypia associated with cigarette smoking, was OR (95% CI) = 29.73 (3.82-230.87), P = 0.0001. Out of 300 study subjects, metaplasia was identified in 45/300 (15%). Among 45 cases with metaplastic changes, 26/45 (57.8%) were in the smokers and 19/45 (42.2%) were in non-smokers. The risk of lung epithelial metaplasia associated with cigarette smoking was OR (95% CI) = 3.34 (1.74-6.41), P = 0.0003.

CONCLUSION

Cigarette smoking is a significant risk for developing lung epithelial atypia, lung metaplasia, and inflammatory cell infiltrate (especially chronic inflammation). Sputum cytology is a simple, non-invasive method that can be used in screening at-risk populations for early detection of lung proliferative changes associated with tobacco smoking.

摘要

背景

近年来，沙特阿拉伯见证了与吸烟相关的主要疾病，如心血管疾病和癌症，尤其是在年轻人群体中。

方法

本研究旨在评估香烟烟雾对肺上皮细胞的影响。

结果

这是一项横断面病例对照研究，涉及300名居住在沙特阿拉伯北部哈伊勒的表面健康的志愿者。吸烟者（N = 100）作为病例，非吸烟者（N = 200）作为对照。从每个参与者那里获取痰液标本，采取了所有必要的安全预防措施和样本充足性措施。

结果

在300名研究对象中，14/300（4.7%）被发现有细胞学异型性。在14例有非典型细胞学变化的病例中，13/14（92.9%）是吸烟者，1/14（7.1%）是非吸烟者。与吸烟相关的肺细胞学异型性风险为OR（95%CI）= 29.73（3.82 - 230.87），P = 0.0001。在300名研究对象中，45/300（15%）被发现有化生。在45例有化生变化的病例中，26/45（57.8%）是吸烟者，19/45（42.2%）是非吸烟者。与吸烟相关的肺上皮化生风险为OR（95%CI）= 3.34（1.74 - 6.41），P = 0.0003。