US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Army Research Laboratory, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
DCS Corporation, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Psychophysiology. 2021 Sep;58(9):e13856. doi: 10.1111/psyp.13856. Epub 2021 Jun 6.
Error-related negativity (ERN), an electroencephalogram (EEG) component following an erroneous response, has been associated with the subjective motivational relevance of error commission. A smaller EEG event, the correct response negativity (CRN), occurs after a correct response. It is unclear why correct behavior evokes a neural response similar to error commission. CRN might reflect suboptimal performance: in tasks where speed is motivationally relevant (i.e., incentivized), a correct but slow response may be experienced as a minor error. The literature is mixed on the relationship between CRN and response time (RT), possibly due to different motivational structures, tasks, or individual traits. We examined ERN and CRN in a go/no-go task where correctness and speed were encouraged using a points-based feedback system. A key individual trait, regulatory focus, describes a person's tendency to seek gains (promotion focus) and avoid losses (prevention focus). Trait regulatory focus was measured, and participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: points gain, points loss, and informative-only feedback. Participants committed too few errors to reliably model ERN effects. CRN amplitude related to RT in all feedback conditions, with slower responses having larger CRN. Participants with stronger promotion focus had a more exaggerated RT/CRN relationship in the point gain condition, suggesting that regulatory fit influences the motivational relevance of speed and thus the negative subjective experience and CRN for slower responses. These findings are consistent with the claim that CRN reflects RT when RT is motivationally relevant and that the CRN/RT relationship reflects the degree of subjective motivational relevance.
错误相关负向波（ERN）是在错误反应之后出现的脑电图（EEG）成分，与错误发生的主观动机相关性有关。一个较小的 EEG 事件，即正确反应负向波（CRN），在正确反应后发生。目前尚不清楚为什么正确的行为会引起类似于错误发生的神经反应。CRN 可能反映了次优表现：在与速度具有动机相关性的任务中（即激励性任务），正确但较慢的反应可能被视为较小的错误。CRN 与反应时间（RT）之间的关系在文献中存在分歧，这可能是由于不同的动机结构、任务或个体特征所致。我们在一项 Go/No-Go 任务中检查了 ERN 和 CRN，该任务使用基于点数的反馈系统来鼓励正确性和速度。一个关键的个体特征，即调节焦点，描述了一个人寻求收益（促进焦点）和避免损失（预防焦点）的倾向。特质调节焦点进行了测量，参与者被随机分配到以下三种条件之一：点数增益、点数损失和仅信息反馈。参与者犯的错误太少，无法可靠地模拟 ERN 效应。在所有反馈条件下，CRN 幅度与 RT 相关，反应越慢，CRN 越大。具有更强促进焦点的参与者在点数增益条件下具有更夸张的 RT/CRN 关系，这表明调节适配会影响速度的动机相关性，从而影响较慢反应的负面主观体验和 CRN。这些发现与以下观点一致，即当 RT 具有动机相关性时，CRN 反映 RT，并且 CRN/RT 关系反映了主观动机相关性的程度。
