Zirui Song (
Katherine Baicker is dean of and the Emmett Dedmon Professor in the Harris School of Public Policy, University of Chicago, in Chicago, Illinois.
Health Aff (Millwood). 2021 Jun;40(6):951-960. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2020.01808.
Workplace wellness programs aim to improve employee health and lower health care spending. Recent randomized studies have found modest short-run effects on health behaviors, but longer-run effects remain poorly understood. We analyzed a clustered randomized trial of a workplace wellness program implemented at a large multisite US employer. Twenty-five randomly selected treatment worksites received the program, with five of the worksites added at the trial's midpoint, and 135 randomly selected control worksites did not. The program included modules on nutrition, physical activity, and stress reduction, implemented by registered dietitians. The effects of program availability and participation were assessed. At the end of three years, employees at the treatment worksites had better self-reported health behaviors, including a higher rate of actively managing their weight. No significant differences were found in self-reported health; clinical markers of health; health care spending or use; or absenteeism, tenure, or job performance. Improvements in health behaviors after three years were similar to those at eighteen months, but the longer follow-up did not yield detectable improvements in clinical, economic, or employment outcomes.
工作场所健康计划旨在改善员工健康状况并降低医疗保健支出。最近的随机研究发现，该计划对健康行为有适度的短期影响，但长期影响仍知之甚少。我们分析了一项在美国大型多地点雇主中实施的工作场所健康计划的聚类随机试验。随机选择的 25 个治疗工作场所接受了该计划，其中 5 个工作场所是在试验中期增加的，而 135 个随机选择的对照工作场所则没有。该计划包括注册营养师实施的营养、身体活动和减压模块。评估了计划的可用性和参与情况。三年结束时，治疗工作场所的员工自我报告的健康行为更好，包括更积极地控制体重的比例更高。自我报告的健康状况、健康的临床指标、医疗保健支出或使用情况，或缺勤、任期或工作表现均无显著差异。三年后的健康行为改善与十八个月时相似，但更长时间的随访并没有在临床、经济或就业结果方面产生可察觉的改善。
