Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
BMC Vet Res. 2021 Jun 7;17(1):208. doi: 10.1186/s12917-021-02909-7.
Tube feeding is a common procedure in neonatology. In humans, tube misplacement reportedly occurs in up to 59% of all cases and may lead to perforation in 1.1% of preterm intubated neonates. While numerous studies on optimal tube placement have been performed in human neonates, current recommendations on tube feeding in canine and feline neonatology are based, at best, on studies performed in adult animals. Herein, we aimed to test ultrasonography as a tool to verify tube placement in puppies and kittens and to compare different anatomical predictive markers used in human, canine and feline neonates.
The predictive tube length when held bent between the last rib and the mouth may induce trauma compared to when held straight. A strong positive linear correlation was observed between birthweight and gastric cardia localization. Ultrasonography findings were similar to coeliotomy findings. Stomach volume was less than 2 mL per 100 g in the less-than-one-day-old studied puppies (n = 25) and kittens (n = 28).
A weight-based equation was calculated to help predict appropriate tube placement. Ultrasonography can be used to control gastric tube placement, and neonates less than one-day-old have a smaller stomach capacity. Further studies are required to evaluate whether more-than-one-day-old puppies follow the same linear correlation with their weight. Further in vivo studies are warranted to determine the gold standard procedure for tube feeding in neonatal puppies and kittens.
管饲是新生儿学中的常见程序。据报道，在所有病例中，高达 59%的病例存在管错位，在接受插管的早产儿中，有 1.1%可能导致穿孔。虽然已经在人类新生儿中进行了大量关于最佳管放置的研究，但目前关于犬和猫科动物新生儿管饲的建议，最多也只是基于在成年动物中进行的研究。在此，我们旨在测试超声检查作为一种在幼犬和小猫中验证管放置的工具，并比较在人类、犬和猫科动物新生儿中使用的不同解剖学预测标志物。
当弯曲的胃管保持在最后一根肋骨和嘴之间时，预测的管长度可能比伸直时更容易导致创伤。胃贲门位置与出生体重之间存在强烈的正线性相关。超声检查结果与剖腹术结果相似。在研究的小于 1 天的幼犬（n=25）和小猫（n=28）中，胃容量小于每 100g 2ml。
计算了一个基于体重的方程来帮助预测适当的管放置位置。超声检查可用于控制胃管放置，并且小于 1 天的新生儿胃容量较小。需要进一步研究来评估是否超过 1 天的幼犬与他们的体重具有相同的线性相关性。需要进一步的体内研究来确定在新生儿幼犬和小猫中进行管饲的金标准程序。
