Department of Psychiatry, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
Department of Radiodiagnostics, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
Sci Rep. 2021 Jun 7;11(1):11951. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-91179-2.
Recent theories suggest a shift from model-based goal-directed to model-free habitual decision-making in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, it is yet unclear, whether this shift in the decision process is heritable. We investigated 32 patients with OCD, 27 unaffected siblings (SIBs) and 31 healthy controls (HCs) using the two-step task. We computed behavioral and reaction time analyses and fitted a computational model to assess the balance between model-based and model-free control. 80 subjects also underwent structural imaging. We observed a significant ordered effect for the shift towards model-free control in the direction OCD > SIB > HC in our computational parameter of interest. However less directed analyses revealed no shift towards model-free control in OCDs. Nonetheless, we found evidence for reduced model-based control in OCDs compared to HCs and SIBs via 2nd stage reaction time analyses. In this measure SIBs also showed higher levels of model-based control than HCs. Across all subjects these effects were associated with the surface area of the left medial/right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Moreover, correlations between bilateral putamen/right caudate volumes and these effects varied as a function of group: they were negative in SIBs and OCDs, but positive in HCs. Associations between fronto-striatal regions and model-based reaction time effects point to a potential endophenotype for OCD.
最近的理论表明，在强迫症（OCD）中，决策过程从基于模型的目标导向转变为基于模型的习惯决策。然而，这种决策过程的转变是否具有遗传性尚不清楚。我们使用两步任务对 32 名强迫症患者、27 名未受影响的兄弟姐妹（SIB）和 31 名健康对照者进行了研究。我们计算了行为和反应时间分析，并拟合了一个计算模型来评估基于模型和基于模型的控制之间的平衡。80 名受试者还接受了结构成像。我们观察到，在我们感兴趣的计算参数中，强迫症患者向基于模型的控制的转变朝着 OCD>SIB>HC 的方向呈现出显著的有序效应。然而，较少定向的分析表明，强迫症患者没有向基于模型的控制转变。尽管如此，我们通过第二阶段反应时间分析发现，与健康对照组和 SIB 相比，强迫症患者的基于模型的控制能力降低。在这个测量中，SIB 也表现出比健康对照组更高的基于模型的控制能力。在所有受试者中，这些效应与左侧内侧/右侧背外侧前额叶皮层的表面积有关。此外，双侧壳核/右侧尾状核体积与这些效应之间的相关性因组而异：在 SIB 和 OCD 中呈负相关，而在健康对照组中呈正相关。额纹状体区域与基于模型的反应时间效应之间的关联指向 OCD 的潜在表型。
