School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing, 100035, China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2021 Jun 8;193(7):392. doi: 10.1007/s10661-021-09153-4.
In order to obtain the typical soil physical properties of reclaimed land more quickly and accurately, the South Dump of the China Coal's Antaibao Open-Pit Mine in Pingshuo was focussed on in this paper, and ground penetrating radar (GPR) technology was utilized to detect the soil physical properties of reclaimed land in the mining area. The soil profile sampling and GPR detection methods were used to acquire the data. The gravel content of surface soil was analyzed by counting the number of isolated gravel signals in GPR images. The change of effective soil thickness was analyzed by establishing the fitting relationship between calibration depth and GPR image depth. The Topp's model was validated by comparing its inversion with the measured soil volumetric water content. And the Topp's model was further validated by the soil volumetric water content obtained from the Topp's model and which obtained from the wave velocity inversion. The results are as follows: (1) Based on the number of isolated gravel signals in GPR images, we could qualitatively analyze the gravel content of surface soil reclaimed in the mining area. As the number of isolated gravel signals was greater, the gravel content of the surface soil was higher. (2) Using the known relative permittivity, electromagnetic wave velocity, and soil volumetric water content, the calibration depth and the reflection depth of the target (calibrator) of the GPR images were segmented, and the correlation between them is high. The fitting relationship (R) of each segment was higher than 0.940, and the average value of the five-segment R was 0.966, which indicated more accurate detection of the effective soil thickness of the reclaimed land in the mining area. (3) GPR could be used to detect the soil volumetric water content of reclaimed land in mining area, and Topp's model was used for calculation of soil volumetric water content. The average deviation rate between the values from Topp's model and the measured values was 12%, and the average absolute value of the difference was 2%. In summary, the benefits of using GPR to detect soil physical properties of reclaimed land in mining area are as follows: (1) GPR can be used to detect soil layer thickness and surface gravel content faster and more accurately. (2) Topp model can also be used to calculate the soil moisture content of non-natural deposits such as reclaimed land in mining area.
为了更快、更准确地获取复垦土地的典型土壤物理性质，本文以平朔安家岭露天煤矿南排土场为研究对象，利用探地雷达（GPR）技术对矿区复垦土地的土壤物理性质进行检测。采用土壤剖面采样和 GPR 检测相结合的方法获取数据。通过 GPR 图像中孤立砾石信号的数量来分析表层土壤的砾石含量。通过建立标定深度与 GPR 图像深度的拟合关系，分析有效土壤厚度的变化。通过将反演得到的土壤体积含水率与实测值进行对比验证 Topp 模型的准确性。同时，通过将 Topp 模型反演得到的土壤体积含水率与由波速反演得到的土壤体积含水率进行对比验证 Topp 模型的准确性。结果表明：（1）基于 GPR 图像中孤立砾石信号的数量，可以定性分析矿区复垦土壤的表层砾石含量。随着孤立砾石信号数量的增加，土壤表层的砾石含量越高。（2）利用已知的相对介电常数、电磁波速度和土壤体积含水率，对 GPR 图像的标定深度和目标（标定器）的反射深度进行分段，两者之间的相关性较高。各段拟合关系（R）均高于 0.940，平均 5 段拟合关系 R 为 0.966，表明对矿区复垦土地有效土壤厚度的检测更加准确。（3）GPR 可用于检测矿区复垦土地的土壤体积含水率，利用 Topp 模型进行计算。Topp 模型与实测值之间的平均偏差率为 12%，平均差值绝对值为 2%。总之，利用 GPR 检测矿区复垦土地土壤物理性质具有以下优势：（1）GPR 可以更快、更准确地检测土壤层厚度和表层砾石含量。（2）Topp 模型还可以用于计算非自然沉积土壤的含水率，如矿区复垦土地。
