School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
Key Lab of Land Consolidation, Ministry of Natural Resources of the PRC, Beijing, 100035, China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2020 Oct 31;192(11):740. doi: 10.1007/s10661-020-08692-6.
Studies of soil bulk density (BD) spatial variations of land reclaimed after mining have become a focus of land reclamation and ecological restoration research. However, there have been few studies on the relationship among the reconstructed BD, terrain conditions, and vegetation growth. We examined the southern dumping site of the Pingshuo Antaibao open-pit coal mine located in a loess area in China. Field sampling data, digital elevation models (DEMs), and high-definition images were obtained, and indoor testing, geostatistics, and inverse distance weighting (IDW) were applied. This paper aims to analyze the spatial distribution law of the reconstructed BD and focus on its relationship with slope and vegetation allocation models. We demonstrated that (1) BD increased with soil depth and varied moderately within each layer. (2) The BD variation amplitude of the top 0-20-cm soil layer in both the east-west and south-north directions was small and more similar in the east-west direction than in the south-north direction, which was affected by herbaceous root systems. In the next four layers from 20 to 60 cm, the variation in BD in the east-west direction was far larger than that in the south-north direction, which was affected by vegetation classification. (3) On the whole, BD decreased with increasing slope, but when the slope was between 0° and 21°, BD exhibited a specific change law. (4) From the perspective of vegetation classification, the orders of magnitude of BD in the 0-20-cm and 20-60-cm layers differed. Overall, BD in areas vegetated with Korshinsk Peashrub was the lowest, and BD was moderate in areas with mixed vegetation, while BD was the highest in areas without vegetation or only vegetated with Black Locust. The mixed grass-bush-tree or bush-tree mode attained the best effect in regulating BD. These results can improve the basic principles of land reclamation in mining areas and provide a basis for further optimizing land reclamation technology in practice.
矿区复垦土壤容重（BD）空间变化的研究已成为土地复垦和生态修复研究的焦点。然而，关于重构 BD 与地形条件和植被生长之间的关系的研究较少。我们研究了位于中国黄土区的平朔安太堡露天煤矿南部排土场。获取了野外采样数据、数字高程模型（DEM）和高分辨率图像，并应用了室内测试、地统计学和反距离加权（IDW）。本文旨在分析重构 BD 的空间分布规律，并重点研究其与坡度和植被分配模型的关系。结果表明：（1）BD 随土壤深度增加而增加，且各层内变化适中。（2）在东-西和南-北两个方向上，0-20cm 表层土壤的 BD 变化幅度较小，东-西方向上的变化更为相似，这受到草本根系的影响。在从 20 到 60cm 的接下来的四层中，东-西方向上的 BD 变化远大于南-北方向，这受到植被分类的影响。（3）总体而言，BD 随坡度增加而减小，但当坡度在 0°到 21°之间时，BD 呈现出特定的变化规律。（4）从植被分类的角度来看，0-20cm 和 20-60cm 层的 BD 量级不同。总体而言，Korshinsk 雀儿豆植被区的 BD 最低，混合植被区的 BD 适中，而无植被或仅种植刺槐的区域的 BD 最高。混合草-灌-树或灌-树模式在调节 BD 方面效果最佳。这些结果可以完善矿区土地复垦的基本原则，为进一步优化实践中的土地复垦技术提供依据。
