Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology and Pathologies, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
Doctoral School N°158, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
Glia. 2021 Nov;69(11):2527-2545. doi: 10.1002/glia.24040. Epub 2021 Jun 8.
Astrocytes have emerged as major players in the brain, contributing to many functions such as energy supply, neurotransmission, and behavior. They accomplish these functions in part via their capacity to form widespread intercellular networks and to release neuroactive factors, which can modulate neurotransmission at different levels, from individual synapses to neuronal networks. The extensive network communication of astrocytes is primarily mediated by gap junction channels composed of two connexins, Cx30 and Cx43, which present distinct temporal and spatial expression patterns. Yet, astroglial connexins are also involved in direct exchange with the extracellular space via hemichannels, as well as in adhesion and signaling processes via unconventional nonchannel functions. Accumulating evidence indicate that astrocytes modulate neurotransmission and behavior through these diverse connexin functions. We here review the many ways astroglial connexins regulate neuronal activity from the molecular level to behavior.
星形胶质细胞已成为大脑中的主要参与者，它们有助于许多功能，如能量供应、神经递质传递和行为。它们通过形成广泛的细胞间网络和释放神经活性因子来实现这些功能，这些因子可以在不同水平上调节神经递质传递，从单个突触到神经元网络。星形胶质细胞的广泛网络通讯主要是通过由两个连接蛋白 Cx30 和 Cx43 组成的缝隙连接通道介导的，它们呈现出不同的时空表达模式。然而，星形胶质细胞连接蛋白也通过半通道与细胞外空间进行直接交换，并通过非传统的非通道功能参与黏附和信号转导过程。越来越多的证据表明，星形胶质细胞通过这些不同的连接蛋白功能来调节神经递质传递和行为。在这里，我们综述了星形胶质细胞连接蛋白从分子水平到行为调节神经元活动的多种方式。
