Laboratory for Applied Geomatics and GIS Science (LAGGISS), Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
PLoS One. 2021 Jun 8;16(6):e0251430. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251430. eCollection 2021.
Income polarization is a pressing issue which is increasingly discussed by academics and policymakers. The present research examines income polarization in Canada's eight largest Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs) using data at the census-tract (CT) level between 1971 and 2016. Generally, there are significant decreasing trends in the middle-income population with simultaneously increasing trends in low-income groups. The high-income groups have been relatively stable with fewer significant increasing population trends. Using conventional mapping and cartograms, patterns of the spatial evolution of income inequality are illustrated. Every CMA examined contains an increasing trend of spatial fragmentation at the patch level within each CMA's landscape mosaic. The results of a spatial autocorrelation analysis at the sub-patch, CT level, exhibit significant spatial clustering of high-income CTs as one process that dominates the increasingly fragmented landscape mosaic.
收入极化是一个紧迫的问题，越来越受到学者和政策制定者的关注。本研究利用 1971 年至 2016 年的普查区（CT）层面的数据，考察了加拿大八个最大的都会区（CMA）的收入极化问题。总体而言，中等收入人群呈显著下降趋势，而低收入群体则呈上升趋势。高收入群体相对稳定，人口增长趋势不明显。利用传统的制图和地图集，说明了收入不平等的空间演变模式。每个被研究的 CMA 都包含在每个 CMA 景观镶嵌体中，斑块层面上空间碎片化的增加趋势。在子斑块、CT 层面上的空间自相关分析的结果表明，高收入 CT 的显著空间聚类是主导日益碎片化景观镶嵌体的一个过程。
