Shams Elham, Mayrovitz Harvey N
Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Davie, USA.
Medical Education, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Davie, USA.
Cureus. 2021 May 4;13(5):e14842. doi: 10.7759/cureus.14842.
Radiological procedures utilizing intravenous iodinated contrast agents are being widely utilized for both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. This has resulted in an increasing incidence of procedure-related, contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). CIN is commonly defined as a decline in kidney function occurring in a narrow time window after administration of iodinated contrast agents. Although self-limiting in most cases, CIN carries a risk of more permanent renal insufficiency, dialysis, and death. It remains a common and serious complication among at-risk patients after exposure of contrast agents. Therefore, it is important to identify patients who are at risk during early stages to implement preventative strategies to decrease the incidence of CIN. Minimizing the amount of contrast administered and providing adequate hydration are the cornerstones of an effective preventative approach. This review focuses on the basic concepts of CIN and summarizes the current understanding of its pathophysiology. In addition, it provides practical recommendations with respect to CIN prevention and management.
使用静脉注射碘化造影剂的放射学检查程序正广泛用于治疗和诊断目的。这导致了与检查程序相关的造影剂诱导的肾病（CIN）发病率不断上升。CIN通常定义为在给予碘化造影剂后的狭窄时间窗内发生的肾功能下降。尽管在大多数情况下是自限性的，但CIN有发生更永久性肾功能不全、透析和死亡的风险。在高危患者接触造影剂后，它仍然是一种常见且严重的并发症。因此，在早期识别有风险的患者以实施预防策略来降低CIN的发病率很重要。尽量减少造影剂的用量并提供充足的水化是有效预防方法的基石。本综述重点关注CIN的基本概念，并总结了目前对其病理生理学的理解。此外，它还提供了关于CIN预防和管理的实用建议。
