Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China.
Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China.
Aquat Toxicol. 2021 Aug;237:105870. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105870. Epub 2021 May 19.
Pyridaben is a widely used acaricide in agriculture and reaches a high concentration (97 μg/L) in paddy water for a short time when pyridaben was applied to rice. However, its toxicity to aquatic organisms is still poorly understood. Therefore, we assessed the pyridaben cardiotoxicity to aquatic organisms using the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. We found that pyridaben is highly toxic to aquatic organisms, and LC of pyridaben for zebrafish at 72 hpf was 100.6 μg/L. Pyridaben caused severe cardiac malformations and functional abnormalities. Morphologic abnormity included severe pericardial edema, cardiomegaly, decreased cardiomyocytes, thinning of the myocardial layer, linear heart, and increased the distance between sinus venous and bulbus arteriosus (SV-BA). Functional failure included arrhythmia, heart failure, and reduced pumping efficiency. The genes involved in heart development, WNT signaling, BMP signaling, ATPase, and cardiac troponin C were abnormally expressed in the pyridaben treatment group. Exposure to pyridaben increased oxidative stress and induced cell apoptosis. The above causes may lead to cardiac toxicity. The results suggest that pyridaben exposure induced elevated oxidative stress through the WNT signaling pathway, which in turn led to apoptosis in the heart and cardiotoxicity. Besides, pyridaben exposure at the critical stage of cardiac looping (24-36 hpf) resulted in the greatest cardiotoxicity. The chorion reduced the entry of pyridaben and protected zebrafish embryos, resulting in cardiotoxicity second only to the stage of cardiac looping. The study should provide valuable information that pyridaben exposure causes cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryos and have potential health risks for other aquatic organisms and humans.
哒螨灵是农业上广泛使用的杀螨剂，在稻田中使用哒螨灵时，哒螨灵在短时间内会达到很高的浓度（97μg/L）。然而，哒螨灵对水生生物的毒性仍知之甚少。因此，我们使用斑马鱼（Danio rerio）模型评估哒螨灵对水生生物的心脏毒性。我们发现哒螨灵对水生生物具有高毒性，72 hpf 时哒螨灵对斑马鱼的 LC 为 100.6μg/L。哒螨灵导致严重的心脏畸形和功能异常。形态异常包括严重的心包水肿、心脏肿大、心肌细胞减少、心肌层变薄、直线心脏和窦房静脉-动脉球（SV-BA）之间距离增加。功能衰竭包括心律失常、心力衰竭和泵送效率降低。心脏发育、WNT 信号、BMP 信号、ATP 酶和心肌肌钙蛋白 C 等参与心脏发育的基因在哒螨灵处理组中异常表达。暴露于哒螨灵会增加氧化应激并诱导细胞凋亡。上述原因可能导致心脏毒性。结果表明，哒螨灵暴露通过 WNT 信号通路引起氧化应激升高，进而导致心脏细胞凋亡和心脏毒性。此外，哒螨灵在心脏环化的关键阶段（24-36 hpf）暴露会导致最大的心脏毒性。卵黄囊减少了哒螨灵的进入，保护了斑马鱼胚胎，导致心脏毒性仅次于心脏环化阶段。该研究应提供有价值的信息，即哒螨灵暴露会导致斑马鱼胚胎心脏毒性，并对其他水生生物和人类造成潜在的健康风险。
