Underbakke M, Polka L, Gottfried T L, Strange W
Department of Communicology, University of South Florida, Tampa 33620.
J Acoust Soc Am. 1988 Jul;84(1):90-100. doi: 10.1121/1.396878.
The role of language-specific factors in phonetically based trading relations was examined by assessing the ability of 20 native Japanese speakers to identify and discriminate stimuli of two synthetic /r/-/l/ series that varied temporal and spectral parameters independently. Results of forced-choice identification and oddity discrimination tasks showed that the nine Japanese subjects who were able to identify /r/ and /l/ reliably demonstrated a trading relation similar to that of Americans. Discrimination results reflected the perceptual equivalence of temporal and spectral parameters. Discrimination by the 11 Japanese subjects who were unable to identify the /r/-/l/ series differed significantly from the skilled Japanese subjects and native English speakers. However, their performance could not be predicted on the basis of acoustic dissimilarity alone. These results provide evidence that the trading relation between temporal and spectral cues for the /r/-/l/ contrast is not solely attributable to general auditory or language-universal phonetic processing constraints, but rather is also a function of phonemic processes that can be modified in the course of learning a second language.
通过评估20名以日语为母语者识别和区分两个合成的/r/-/l/系列刺激的能力，这些刺激在时间和频谱参数上独立变化，研究了特定语言因素在基于语音的交易关系中的作用。强制选择识别和奇异性辨别任务的结果表明，能够可靠识别/r/和/l/的9名日本受试者表现出与美国人相似的交易关系。辨别结果反映了时间和频谱参数的感知等效性。11名无法识别/r/-/l/系列的日本受试者的辨别结果与熟练的日本受试者和以英语为母语者有显著差异。然而，仅根据声学差异无法预测他们的表现。这些结果证明，/r/-/l/对比的时间和频谱线索之间的交易关系不仅归因于一般听觉或语言通用的语音处理限制，而且也是音位过程的函数，音位过程在学习第二语言的过程中可以被改变。
