Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2021 Jun 10;16(6):e0251906. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251906. eCollection 2021.
Pregnancy related complications are major causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diversified food consumption is essential to produce hormones during pregnancy and it reduced complications. In Ethiopia, many researchers were investigated about the proportion of pregnant women with dietary diversity and its determinant factors. However, those studies are inconsistent and fragmented. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the pooled proportion of pregnant women with dietary diversity practice and its associated factors in Ethiopia.
We conducted a systematic electronic web-based search of PubMed/ /MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Google online databases for identifying studies on proportion of pregnant women with dietary diversity practice and its associated factors in Ethiopia using pre-defined quality and inclusion criteria. STATA version 14 statistical software was used to analyze the data. We extracted relevant data and presented in tabular form. The I2 test was used to assess heterogeneity across studies. Funnel plot asymmetry and Begg's test were used to check for publication bias. The final effect size was determined by applying a random-effects model.
Our search identified 170 studies. Of which, 23 were included in the final analysis stage. The pooled proportion of dietary diversity among pregnant women in Ethiopia was 41% (95% CI: 33, 49). Mothers can read and write (OR = 1.82 (95% CI: 1.25, 2.64)), maternal primary school and above educated (OR = 2.11 (95% CI: 1.10, 4.05)), nutritional information (OR = 4.1 (95% CI: 2.1, 7.99), dietary diversity knowledge (OR = 3.4 (95% CI: 2.73, 4.73)) and household had rich wealth index (OR = 3.45 (95% CI: 1.19, 10.1)) were significantly associated with dietary diversity practice during pregnancy.
In this meta-analysis; we found that low proportion of pregnant women with adequate dietary diversity in Ethiopia (41%). Maternal education, nutritional information, dietary diversity knowledge and wealth index level of household were significantly associated factors of pregnant woman with dietary diversity practice. This finding implies that improving the awareness of woman about dietary diversity during pregnancy and empowering women economically would play a significant role to improve dietary diversity practice.
妊娠相关并发症是全球孕产妇发病率和死亡率的主要原因。多样化的食物摄入对于在怀孕期间产生激素至关重要，并且可以减少并发症。在埃塞俄比亚，许多研究人员调查了孕妇的饮食多样性比例及其决定因素。然而，这些研究结果并不一致且零散。因此，本研究旨在估计埃塞俄比亚孕妇饮食多样性实践的综合比例及其相关因素。
我们进行了一项系统的电子网络搜索，以确定在埃塞俄比亚使用预定义的质量和纳入标准研究孕妇饮食多样性实践及其相关因素的研究。使用 STATA 版本 14 统计软件分析数据。我们提取了相关数据并以表格形式呈现。I2 检验用于评估研究之间的异质性。漏斗图不对称和 Begg 检验用于检查发表偏倚。最终效应大小通过应用随机效应模型确定。
我们的搜索确定了 170 项研究。其中，有 23 项研究纳入最终分析阶段。埃塞俄比亚孕妇饮食多样性的综合比例为 41%（95%CI：33,49）。能够读写的母亲（OR=1.82（95%CI：1.25,2.64））、母亲接受过小学及以上教育（OR=2.11（95%CI：1.10,4.05））、接受过营养信息（OR=4.1（95%CI：2.1,7.99））、饮食多样性知识（OR=3.4（95%CI：2.73,4.73））和家庭拥有丰富的财富指数（OR=3.45（95%CI：1.19,10.1））与怀孕期间的饮食多样性实践显著相关。
在这项荟萃分析中，我们发现埃塞俄比亚孕妇饮食多样性的比例较低（41%）。母亲的教育程度、营养信息、饮食多样性知识和家庭的财富指数水平是孕妇饮食多样性实践的显著相关因素。这一发现意味着，提高孕妇对孕期饮食多样性的认识并从经济上赋予妇女权力，将对改善饮食多样性实践起到重要作用。
