Departement of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 7153675541, Shiraz, Iran.
Departement of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
BMC Cancer. 2021 Jun 10;21(1):685. doi: 10.1186/s12885-021-08411-5.
Testicular Self-Examination (TSE) causes earlier diagnosis of Testicular cancer (TC). Hence, all men aged between15 to 35 years should perform TSE every month. This study aims to survey the effect of educational intervention based on health belief model and social support on testicular self-examination in men aged between 15 to 35 years of Fasa City, Fars province, Iran.
In this quasi-experimental study, 200 men (100 in the experimental group and 100 in the control group) in Fasa City, Fars, Iran, were conducted from June 2018 to August 2019. The educational intervention for the experimental group consisted of six training sessions (testicular cancer, its prevalence and types, its risk factors, symptoms, infected areas, diagnosis, side-effects and its severity, understanding about testicular self-examination and its importance, benefits, and barriers of self-examination and correct way of doing TSE were discussed, role of social support). A questionnaire consisting of demographic information, knowledge, HBM construct, and social support was used to measure testicular self-examination before, 3 months after the intervention, and 6 months later. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 via chi-squared, independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney, and repeated measures ANOVA at a significance level of 0.5.
The mean age of the men was 27.26 ± 3.16 years in the experimental group and 27.39 ± 3.12 years in the control group. Three months after the intervention and 6 months after the intervention, the experimental group showed a significant increase in knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, self-efficacy, cues to action, social support, and testicular self-examination performance compared to the control group.
This study showed the effectiveness of the intervention based on the HBM constructs and social support in the adoption of testicular self-examination in 3 and 6 months post-intervention in men aged between 15 to 35 years. Hence, these models can act as a framework for designing and implementing educational interventions for testicular self-examination.
睾丸自我检查（TSE）可更早地诊断睾丸癌（TC）。因此，所有 15 至 35 岁的男性应每月进行 TSE。本研究旨在调查基于健康信念模式和社会支持的教育干预对伊朗法尔斯省法萨市 15 至 35 岁男性进行睾丸自我检查的效果。
在这项准实验研究中，对伊朗法尔斯省法萨市的 200 名男性（实验组 100 名，对照组 100 名）进行了调查，研究时间为 2018 年 6 月至 2019 年 8 月。实验组的教育干预包括 6 次培训课程（睾丸癌、其患病率和类型、其危险因素、症状、感染区域、诊断、副作用及其严重程度、对睾丸自我检查及其重要性、益处、自我检查的障碍和正确的 TSE 操作方式的理解、社会支持的作用）。使用问卷（包括人口统计学信息、知识、HBM 结构和社会支持）在干预前、干预后 3 个月和 6 个月后测量睾丸自我检查情况。采用 SPSS-22 进行统计分析，采用卡方检验、独立样本 t 检验、Mann-Whitney 和重复测量方差分析，检验水准为 0.5。
实验组男性的平均年龄为 27.26 ± 3.16 岁，对照组为 27.39 ± 3.12 岁。干预后 3 个月和 6 个月，实验组在知识、感知易感性、感知严重性、感知益处、自我效能、提示行动、社会支持和睾丸自我检查表现方面均显著高于对照组。
本研究表明，基于 HBM 结构和社会支持的干预措施在 3 个月和 6 个月后可有效促进 15 至 35 岁男性采用睾丸自我检查。因此，这些模型可以作为设计和实施睾丸自我检查教育干预的框架。
