创伤后难民的痛苦情绪研究
An exploratory study of embitterment in traumatized refugees.
机构信息
Department of Consultation-Liaison-Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), University of Zurich (UZH), Culmannstrasse 8, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
School of Psychology, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
出版信息
BMC Psychol. 2021 Jun 10;9(1):96. doi: 10.1186/s40359-021-00599-2.
BACKGROUND
Refugees and asylum seekers are frequently exposed to violence, human rights violations and unstable living conditions before, during, and after their displacement. Elevated prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders in forcibly displaced persons are well documented. However, less is known about other problems related to common refugee experiences, such as embitterment, moral injury, and diminished self-efficacy, and how they are related to trauma exposure and post-migration living difficulties.
METHODS
A cross-sectional sample of 71 refugees and asylum seekers in treatment were examined regarding exposure to potentially traumatic events, post-migration living difficulties, moral injury appraisals, self-efficacy, and embitterment.
RESULTS
Elevated levels of embitterment were reported by 68% of participants. The regression analysis revealed that greater moral injury appraisals and low levels of self-efficacy were significantly associated with higher levels of embitterment.
CONCLUSION
The results provide first insights into embitterment and associated factors in refugee populations. Furthermore, they highlight the significance of moral transgressions and low levels of self-efficacy emerging from displacement and traumatic experiences for the development of mental health problems in a clinical sample of refugees. The findings have implications for future research, policy development and clinical practice.
背景
难民和寻求庇护者在流离失所之前、期间和之后经常遭受暴力、侵犯人权和不稳定的生活条件的影响。大量文献记录了被迫流离失所者中精神障碍的高发率。然而，对于与难民常见经历相关的其他问题，如痛苦、道德伤害和自我效能感降低，以及它们与创伤暴露和移民后生活困难的关系，了解较少。
方法
对 71 名接受治疗的难民和寻求庇护者进行了横断面样本检查，评估他们是否经历过可能的创伤性事件、移民后生活困难、道德伤害评估、自我效能感和痛苦。
结果
68%的参与者报告了较高水平的痛苦。回归分析显示，较高的道德伤害评估和较低的自我效能感与较高的痛苦水平显著相关。
结论
研究结果首次提供了有关难民群体痛苦和相关因素的见解。此外，它们强调了流离失所和创伤经历中出现的道德违规行为和自我效能感低下对难民临床样本中心理健康问题发展的重要性。研究结果对未来的研究、政策制定和临床实践具有启示意义。
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